
La prospective a fortement influencé la décision politique, la planification économique et la gestion des grandes organisations jusqu’à la veille des années 2000. Elle connaît depuis une éclipse en tant que domaine de recherches et d’interventions identifié, alors même que les problèmes environnementaux ou les conflits internationaux donnent toute leur actualité à des études régulièrement alarmantes sur l’état de la planète, comme les rapports du GIEC. Cette situation étonnante d’une prospective qui ne dit plus son nom semble l’expression d’une distorsion : entre un besoin en scénarios sur le futur qui reste très prégnant du côté des dirigeants politiques, mais aussi des entreprises ; et des productions (de recherches, d’études, d’interventions…) qui hésitent à expliciter leur portée prospective, comme s’il était devenu délicat, politiquement aussi bien que scientifiquement, de se projeter dans le futur et/ou d’affirmer une capacité prédictive de la recherche et des études. L’article revient sur l’histoire de ce domaine de recherches et d’interventions, pour éclairer le moment de son émergence par le contexte sociétal qui le motive, identifier les tensions, voire les paradoxes, qui structurent le champ et expliquent ses apories, avant d’envisager (dans une approche prospective sur lui-même) dans quelles directions il est susceptible d’évoluer, et à travers quelles formes et méthodes.
Until the eve of the 2000s, foresight had a major influence on political decision-making, economic planning and the management of large organisations. Since then, however, it has been eclipsed as an identified field of research and intervention, even though environmental problems and international conflicts have given rise to regularly alarming studies on the state of the planet, such as the IPCC reports. This astonishing situation of a foresight that no longer assumes its name seems to be the expression of a distortion: between a need for scenarios about the future that is still very prevalent among political leaders, as well as among businesses; and productions (of research, studies, interventions, etc.) that are reluctant to make their foresight scope explicit, as if it had become politically as well as scientifically delicate to project oneself into the future and/or to assert the predictive capacity of research and studies. This article looks back at the history of this field of research and intervention, to shed light on the moment of its emergence through the societal context that motivates it, to identify the tensions, and even the paradoxes, that structure the field and explain its aporias, before considering (in a forward-looking approach to itself) in what directions it is likely to evolve, and through what forms and methods.
Systémique, Predictive Capacity, Systems Theory, Homéodynamique, Foresight, Théorie des jeux, Homeodynamics, Prospective, Game Theory, Capacité prédictive, Systems theory, Attractors, Attracteurs, Game theory
Systémique, Predictive Capacity, Systems Theory, Homéodynamique, Foresight, Théorie des jeux, Homeodynamics, Prospective, Game Theory, Capacité prédictive, Systems theory, Attractors, Attracteurs, Game theory
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