Periodontal surgery is an essential part of modern periodontal therapy. Selection of the appropriate incision technique is one of the main preconditions for a complication-free healing process involving minimum esthetic impairment. This applies not only to periodontal surgery but also to oral surgery and implant surgery. The different surgical incision techniques are described in detail from this aspect. Instructions on tissue management aimed at minimum traumatization are discussed from macrosurgical and microsurgical points of view. The crucial factors here include inflammation-free tissue, maximum exsanguination, sharp surgical instruments, atraumatic, non-contaminable suture material, and the shortest possible duration of surgery.