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Desafíos y Oportunidades de la Industria Petrolera en Ecuador

Authors: Benalcázar Ordóñez, Freddy Javier;

Desafíos y Oportunidades de la Industria Petrolera en Ecuador

Abstract

Resumen El petróleo ha sido fundamental para el desarrollo económico mundial. Desde el descubrimiento de los primeros yacimientos en Ecuador, se convirtió en la base del desarrollo nacional. Sin embargo, la distribución de la riqueza no ha sido equitativa, debido a que las grandes Cadenas de valor globales abarcan las actividades que realiza una empresa, desde el diseño hasta la venta del producto o servicio. Aunque las actividades petroleras incluyen exploración, extracción, refinación y comercialización, Ecuador se ha limitado principalmente a la exportación de crudo, sin lograr una diversificación significativa. Este estudio busca examinar el impacto de la explotación petrolera en el país y analizar la inserción de la industria local en las cadenas productivas relacionadas con la fabricación de válvulas tipo "árbol de Navidad", esenciales en la extracción petrolera. Se aplico el método ABC, para clasificar los componentes según su importancia. La letra A representa el 80% del valor del producto, mientras que la categoría B y C el restante. Este método permite establecer estrategias de gestión en la cadena de suministros. Los resultados muestran que más del 90 % de sus componentes son importados, evidenciando la limitada capacidad de la industria nacional para integrarse plenamente en la cadena de valor global de esta industria, incluso tras más de 50 años de explotación petrolera. Aunque el petróleo ha generado ingresos significativos, ha acentuado la dependencia externa e incremento de deuda, sin resolver problemas estructurales como la pobreza y las desigualdades sociales.

Abstract Oil has been central to global economic development. Since the discovery of the first deposits in Ecuador, it became the basis of national development. However, the distribution of wealth has not been equitable, because the large global value chains cover the activities carried out by a company, from the design to the sale of the product or service. Although oil activities include exploration, extraction, refining, and marketing, Ecuador has been limited mainly to the export of crude oil, without achieving significant diversification. This study seeks to examine the impact of oil exploitation in the country and analyze the insertion of local industry in the production chains related to the manufacture of "Christmas tree" type valves, essential in oil extraction. The ABC method was applied to classify the components according to their importance. The letter A represents 80% of the value of the product, while category B and C the rest. This method allows you to establish management strategies in the supply chain. The results show that more than 90% of its components are imported, evidencing the limited capacity of the national industry to fully integrate into the global value chain of this industry, even after more than 50 years of oil exploitation. Although oil has generated significant revenues, it has accentuated external dependence and increased debt, without solving structural problems such as poverty and social inequalities.

Keywords

Petróleo, Global Value Chains, Método ABC, Oil, ABC Method, Cadenas de valor globales

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green