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ZENODO
Dataset . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Dataset . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Dataset . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Dependency Dilemmas: Replication Package

Authors: Shanto, Mehedi Hasan;

Dependency Dilemmas: Replication Package

Abstract

The Maven ecosystem forms the backbone of Java dependency management, hosting artifacts that vary significantly in their adoption, security, and ecosystem roles. Artifact reuse is fundamental in software development, with ecosystems like Maven facilitating this process. However, prior studies predominantly analyzed popular artifacts with numerous dependencies, leaving those without incoming dependencies (i.e., independent artifacts) unexplored. In this study, we analyzed 658,078 artifacts, of which 635,003 had at least one release. Among these, 93,101 artifacts (15.4%) were identified as independent (in-degree = 0), while the rest were classified as dependent. We looked at the impact of individual artifacts using PageRank and out- degree centrality and discovered that independent artifacts were very important to the ecosystem. Further analysis across 18 different metrics revealed several advantages and comparability of independent artifacts with dependent artifacts: comparable popularity (25.58 vs. 7.30), fewer vulnerabilities (60 CVEs vs. 179 CVEs), and zero propagated vulnerabilities. Based on these results, it appears that independent artifacts make a difference in the ecosystem and give developers a safe, self-contained alternative to traditional dependencies. These findings suggest that independent artifacts might be a beneficial choice for dependencies but have some maintainability issues. Therefore,developers should carefully incorporate independent artifacts into their projects, and artifact maintainers should prioritize this group of artifacts to mitigate the risk of transitive vulnerability propagation and improve software sustainability. The replication package of our study is available online [1].

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average