This booklet forms part of the theoretical approaches and debates to be applied in Cluster 4 of the international project: “Human Mobility, Global Challenges and Resilience in an Age of Social Stress” (PHOENIX), Coordinated by Prof. Susan Rothman ( General Principal Investigator- PI) and funded by the Belmont Forum, as well as, having financial aid from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), in the case of the Latin American countries: Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and the Amazon), Uruguay, Argentina and Chile. In the case of São Paulo, the funding for the team at The State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) has been provided by The Foundation for the Support of Research in the State of São Paulo (FAPESP). Chapter 1 addresses a discussion of resilience theories highlighting some of its gaps and vacuums; Chapter 2 complements it with a discussion of different concepts on resettlement and psychic suffering of migrants. Chapter 3 places the socio-historical background of international migration within Latin America and Chile, while describing the trends in different waves of migrants until the present.