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PREVIOUS TRADITION? COINCIDENCE? DESIGN? HOW IT WAS POSSIBLE TO CREATE THE ILLUMINATION EFFECTS AT THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT JAMES (GALICIA, SPAIN)?

Authors: Vilas-Estévez, Benito; Varela, Ruth; González-García, César;

PREVIOUS TRADITION? COINCIDENCE? DESIGN? HOW IT WAS POSSIBLE TO CREATE THE ILLUMINATION EFFECTS AT THE CATHEDRAL OF SAINT JAMES (GALICIA, SPAIN)?

Abstract

[Resumen] En un trabajo anterior basado en diferentes tradiciones orales recogidas a principios del siglo XX hemos comprobado que en el interior de la catedral de Santiago se producen diferentes efectos de iluminación sobre la figura de Santiago situada en el altar mayor, en particular en fechas importantes relacionadas con el cristianismo y el propio Santo. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los efectos de iluminación se producen y, por tanto, sugieren que fueron buscados y no una casualidad, cabe preguntarse cómo pudieron "crearlos" los constructores de la catedral durante la reforma barroca de la catedral. Este es precisamente el objetivo de este trabajo, mostrar cómo pudieron crear este proyecto de iluminación o cómo readaptaron una tradición anterior que tenía lugar en el edificio románico. Para ello contamos con diferentes fuentes primarias como textos, dibujos, recursos etnográficos y referencias cruzadas. En un plano más metodológico, se trata de un estudio que aborda métodos muy diferentes dediversas disciplinas, como la arqueoastronomía o astronomía cultural, la arqueología, la arquitectura y la etnografía. Es importante tener en cuenta, que la catedral es un proyecto arquitectónico donde los constructores pensaron y planificaron una estructura adecuada para las personas en la que el imaginario cristiano tenía que estar presente, y por tanto estos efectos de iluminación jugarían un papel muy importante. Sin embargo, dicho proyecto era un organismo vivo que evolucionó a través del tiempo por las diferentes reformas. Dichas reformas no sólo implicaron cambios en los estilos arquitectónicos sino también en los conceptos subyacentes a dichos estilos. En particular, es importante para nuestro estudio cómo el concepto y el uso de la luz dentro de los templos cambiaron a lo largo de estos siglos y cómo la fenomenología de la luz se incorporó con un significado diferente en las reformas posteriores. Por último recreamos el posible método que utilizaron los constructores basándonos en los tratados de arquitectura.

[Abstract] In a previous work based on different oral traditions collected at the beginning of the XX Century we verified that inside the cathedral of Saint James different illumination effects take place over the figure of Saint James located at the main altar, in particular at important dates related with Christianity and the own Saint. However, despite the fact that illumination effects occur and therefore suggest that they were sought and not a coincidence, we should ask how the builders of the cathedral could “create” them during the baroque reform of the cathedral. This is precisely the objective of this paper, to show how they could create this project of illumination or how they readapt a previous tradition that took place in the Romanesque building. To do that we count with different primary sources such as texts, drawings, ethnographic resources and cross-references. On a more methodological level, this is a study that deals with very different methods from diverse disciplines, such as archaeoastronomy or cultural astronomy, archaeology, architecture and ethnography. It is important to take into account, that the cathedral is an architectural project where the builders thought and planned a structure suitable for people in which the Christian imaginary had to be present, and therefore this illumination effects would play a very important role. However, such project was a living organism that evolved through time by the different reforms. Such reforms not only involved changes in the architectural styles but also in the concepts behind such styles. In particular it is important for our study how the concept and use of light within the temples changed along these centuries and how the light phenomenology was incorporated with a different meaning in the subsequent reforms. Finally, we recreate the possible method that the builders used based on architectural treatises.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Arquitectura barroca, Baroque Architecture, Illumination effects, Light use, Church Orientation, Uso de la luz

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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