Abstract: Dental caries, a prevalent global oral health issue, is primarily influenced by dietary habits, along with oral hygiene practices. Diet plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of dental caries through the consumption of cariogenic foods that fuel acid-producing bacteria. This article aims to explore the mechanisms by which diet impacts dental health, focusing on the roles of sugar, starches, calcium, phosphate, and other essential nutrients. It further discusses dietary patterns and their association with caries prevalence. Evidence-based strategies are provided for modifying dietary behaviors to prevent dental caries. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet for maintaining optimal oral health, highlighting preventive measures and public health strategies.