The Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) is a set of algorithms that separatelyestimate the different components of terrestrial evaporation (i.e. 'evapotranspiration') based onsatellite observations: transpiration (Et), interception loss (Ei), bare-soil evaporation (Eb), snowsublimation (Es) and open-water evaporation (Ew). Intermediate outputs of the model includepotential evaporation (Ep), root-zone soil moisture (SMrz), surface soil moisture (SMs), evaporativestress (S), and surface sensible heat flux (H). The rationale of the method is to maximize the recoveryof information about evaporation contained in the available data stack of climatic and environmentalobservations from space.Compared to previous GLEAM versions, GLEAM4 includes the following updates: Hybrid learning of evaporative stress from eddy-covariance and sapflow data Improved representation of interception, including short vegetation Potential evaporation based on Penman's instead of Priestley and Taylor's equation Explicit consideration of plant access to groundwater Higher spatial resolution (0.1°) and longer record (1980–2023) GLEAM4.1a data are accesible via www.gleam.eu.