Biodiversity loss ranks among the foremost global risks, threatening the very foundation of life on Earth. This report, Deliverable 3.1 of Work Package 3 of the EU’s Horizon Research Program’s funded TCforBE project, addresses the identification, assessment and development of global transformative investment and finance levers for biodiversity and equity, and the urgent need for robust financial instruments to help stem this loss and foster recovery in an equitable way.The report opens by highlighting the gravity of the issue, noting a devastating reduction in global wildlife populations and a significant degradation of natural habitats. It sets the stage by outlining pivotal global and EU initiatives, such as the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the European Green Deal. These initiatives underscore the financial sector’s potential to drive change through strategic investments in biodiversity conservation.Diverse financial instruments are available to support biodiversity. A dedicated section assesses their effectiveness in leveraging economic incentives for nature conservation (comprises both nature restoration and protection) and social equity. Despite growing funds, current financial contributions fall short of the annual US$824 billion needed for nature restoration. This gap highlights the pressing need for innovative solutions to effectively deploy existing financial instruments.Further this report reviews strategic actions by the EU and its Member States aimed at addressing biodiversity loss. These actions are evaluated for their alignment with the EU’s biodiversity strategy goals, focusing on minimizing drivers of biodiversity loss, enhancing governance, and protecting and restoring nature. This section provides a critical examination of the effectiveness of these strategies in achieving the EU’s biodiversity objectives.The final section delves into the strengths and weaknesses of policy levers within the EU impacting biodiversity finance. It identifies significant gaps, such as the need for clearer regulatory frameworks and the alignment of financial incentives. The report suggests that more robust regulatory mandates and a deeper integration of biodiversity goals could significantly enhance the impact of EU biodiversity policies.The report concludes by synthesizing findings and underscoring the substantial gaps in biodiversity financing and policy implementation. It calls for an intensified commitment from both public and private sectors to bridge the funding gap. Recommendations are offered to policymakers and industry stakeholders to improve the efficacy of biodiversity finance instruments and ensure sustainable and equitable conservation efforts.At a glance: This report captures the essence of the challenges and opportunities within the biodiversity finance sector. It serves as a guide for stakeholders, outlining a range of financial instruments and strategic actions that can contribute to more effective biodiversity conservation. The report highlights the urgent need for action using finance as an entry point in all sectors—government, private, and civil society—and recommends focusing efforts on scaling up biodiversity finance to meet this global challenge.