Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland Ukrainian SR Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, Ukraine Bohomolets Institute of Physiology of NAS, Kyїv, Ukraine Mykhaylo M. Korda Oksana A. Fihura Oksana I. Melnyk Ivan M. Klishch Roman I. Yanchij Walery A. Zukow Sofiya V. Ruzhylo Dariya V. Popovych Igor L. Popovych UKRAINIAN PHYTOCOMPOSITION "BALM TRUSKAVETS'", METABOLISM, PHYSICAL WORKING CAPACITY AND NEURO-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE COMPLEX LVIV SVIT 2024 Authors Mykhaylo M. Korda, MD, DS, Prof; Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine cordamm@yahoo.com; orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-336X Oksana A. Fihura, MD; Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine oksanafigura08@gmail.com; orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-0484 Oksana I. Melnyk, MD, PhD; Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine omelnyk7@gmail.com; orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-4760 Ivan M. Klishch, MD, DS, Prof; Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine klishch@tdmu.edu.ua; orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-4296 Roman I. Yanchij, DS, Prof; Bohomolets Institute of Physiology, Kyїv, Ukraine tas@biph.kiev.ua; orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-7698 Walery Zukow, MD, DS; Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland w.zukow@wp.pl; orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-6117 Sofiya V. Ruzhylo, MD, DS; Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine doctor-0701@ukr.net; orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-8821 Dariya V. Popovych, MD, DS, Prof; Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine darakoz@yahoo.com; orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-2057 Igor L. Popovych, MD, PhD, senior res. fel.; Bohomolets Institute of Physiology, Kyїv, Ukraine; Kozyavkin International Rehabilitation Clinic, Truskavets’, Ukraine; i.popovych@biph.kiev.ua; i.l.popovych@gmail.com; orcid.org/0000-0002-5664-5591 We dedicate the monograph to memory of Emmanuil N. Berger (1910-1999), Olena O. Markova (1930-2000) and Yurij I. Bondarenko (1936-2024) as the first (1957-1975), second (1975-2000) and fifth (2012-2018) Heads of the Department of Pathological Physiology of the Ternopil Medical Institute/University Recommended for publication by the Academic Council of Horbachevskyi National Medical University (protocol No. 10 dated 30/08/2024) Reviewers: Regeda Mykhaylo S., MD, DS, Prof, head of the department of pathophysiology of the Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine Vastyanov Ruslan S., MD, DS, Prof, head of the department of general and clinical pathophysiology named after VV Podvysotskyi of the National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine Korda MM, Fihura OA, Melnyk OI, Klishch IM, Yanchij RI, Zukow W, Ruzhylo SV, Popovych DV, Popovych IL. Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'", metabolism, physical working capacity and neuro-endocrine-immune complex. Lviv. Svit; 2024: 338 p. ISBN 978-1-326-71236-5 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14640273 The monograph highlights the results of priority experimental and clinical-physiological studies of the Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'". Physiologically favorable modulating effects of the phytocomposition on the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolism and physical performance, which are attributes of classic adaptogens, were revealed. For physiologists, endocrinologists, immunologists, phytotherapists, medical rehabilitation specialists. ISBN 978-1-326-71236-5 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14640273 © Horbachevskyi National Medical University, Ternopil, 2024 © Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, 2024 © Danylo Halytskyi National Medical University, Lviv, 2024 © Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, 2024 © Ukrainian SR Institute of Medicine of Transport, Odesa, 2024 © Bohomolets Institute of Physiology, Kyїv, 2024 © Authors ISBN 978-1-326-71236-5 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14640273 Content Summary INTRODUCTION The materials of the monograph are reflected in the following publications of the authors CHAPTER 1 Adaptogens, stress, metabolism and the neuroendocrine-immune complex (literature review) CHAPTER 2 Experiments on rats 2.1. The effect of preventive use of phytocomposition on the state of the neuroendocrine-immune complex, gastric mucosa, ECG and metabolome after acute stress 2.2. Relationships between neuro-endocrine, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosa injuries parameters in naїve and stressed rats 2.3. Metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiographic and morphologic gastric mucosa parameters of damage in naїve and stressed rats 2.4. Sexual dimorphism in basal and post stress parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosa at rats 2.5. Reversion by Phytoadaptogen the adverse effects of Naftussya bioactive water on dynamic muscle performance in healthy rats CHAPTER 3 Relationships between the neuro-endocrine parameters and virtual Chakras energy and asymmetry CHAPTER 4 Relationships between levels of main adaptation hormones and EEG&HRV parameters at human with maladaptation CHAPTER 5 Immediate effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on biophotonics (GDV), EEG and HRV parameters in humans with maladaptation CHAPTER 6 Long-term effects of the Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'" on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics in humans with maladaptation CHAPTER 7 Аmelioration by phytoadaptogene of effects of balneofactors of Truskavets’ Spa on patients with post-radiation encephalopathy CHAPTER 8 Sexual dimorphism in the neuro-endocrine regulation of bicycle ergometric test parameters in individuals with maladaptation CHAPTER 9 Prevention by phytoadaptogene of unfavourable actotropic effect of balneofactors of Truskavets’ Spa on gastroenterologic patients and its mechanisms The phytoadaptogen "Balm Truskavets'" prevents the adverse effect of the standard balneotherapeutic complex of the Truskavets’ Spa on PWC by, apparently, its neuro-endocrine effects. References Summary The monograph presents the results of experimental and clinical-physiological studies of the influence of the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolism and physical performance with the aim of sanogenetic justification of its use to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with maladaptation. In an experiment on rats of both sexes, the authors found modulating effects of phytocomposition on post-stress changes in neuroendocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram (ECG), and gastric mucosa. First of all, it was confirmed that acute water- immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) causes in control animals an increase in sympathetic tone, blood levels of catecholamines and corticosterone, combined with a decrease in vagal tone and serum testosterone levels. Such a neuro-endocrine reaction is accompanied by damage to the myocardium and gastric mucosa, an increase in the percentage of macrophages, fibroblasts and Hassal's corpuscles in the thymus, entropy in the spleen, theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the blood, as well as the activity of serum alanine transaminase and creatine phosphokinase. Instead, the mass of the spleen and the percentage of lymphoblasts in it, theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes and eosinophils in the blood, the content of malondialdehyde and cholesterol in the serum, as well as the catalase activity of serum and erythrocytes, decrease. Preventive use of phytocomposition, first of all, to one degree or another minimizes adverse post-stress deviations from the norm of most of the listed parameters, and even completely prevents deviations of 5 parameters. Secondly, it initiates an increase in the level of PTH and the activity of serum acid phosphatase, the percentage of reticulocytes in the spleen and the intensity of phagocytosis of blood neutrophils, but at the same time a decrease in their bactericidal activity, as well as the percentage of monocytes and B-lymphocytes in the blood. Thirdly, it potentiates the post-stress increase in sympathetic tone and damage to the gastric mucosa, as well as natural killers, on the one hand, and the decrease in vagal tone, the level of testosterone and malondialdehyde in the serum, as well as the mass of the spleen - on the other hand. Fourthly, it reverses the catalase activity of erythrocytes and the entropy of the splenocytogram. Thus, phytocomposition has a generally favorable adaptogenic effect on the post-stress state of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, ECG and metabolome. However, there are certain adverse effects as the so-called adaptation fee. The authors found that the severity of damage to gastric mucosa significantly correlates with changes in ECG parameters, in particular, depression of the T wave and S-T joint, which indicate myocardial dystrophy. Further, it was found that such a connection is caused by the damaging effect on both targets of increasing the level of parathyroid hormone, as well as the production of aldosterone and catecholamines by enlarged adrenal glands. In addition, an increase in the level of corticosterone and sympathetic tone with a simultaneous decrease in vagal tone as well as serum calcitonin and testosterone cause damage only to the gastric mucosa, but not to the myocardium. Such a constellation of neuro-endocrine reactions to stressors (cold, immobilization, hunger, etc.) determines the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 73%. Thus, the condition of the gastric mucosa and myocardium as essential targets of stressors is determined by the damaging and protective effects of adaptive hormones and the autonomic nervous system. Next, metabolic and immune accompaniments of ECG and damage to gastric mucosa parameters were analyzed. It was found that Serum levels of Phosphates, Сatalase and α-LP Cholesterol as well as erythrocyte level of Potassium (as marker of Kalihistia) and Na,K-ATPase activity of the shadows of erythrocytes (as marker of membranes of myocardiocytes) are positively correlated with ECG markers of damage to myocardium such as T wave amplitude and ST junction, and negatively correlated with visual markers of damage to the gastric mucosa, i.e. reflect intactness (normality) of both targets of stressors - myocardium and gastric mucosa. Erythrocyte level of Sodium and serum levels of Potassium and Alkaline Phosphatase reflect the intactness of the gastric mucosa only. While serum level of Calcium reflects damage to the gastric mucosa. Taken together, the listed metabolic factors determine the morpho-functional state of the gastric mucosa and myocardium by 72% (R=0.851). Damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium is more severe, the lower the bactericidal activity of blood neutrophils, and the greater the mass of the thymus. The spleen mass and the content of fibroblasts in the thymus are negatively correlated only with the severity of damage to the gastric mucosa, while the percentages of reticulocytes and lymphoblasts in the spleen are positively correlated with it. Finally, the higher the percentage of macrophages in the thymus, the deeper the damage to the myocardium. The canonical correlation between the listed immune parameters and markers of the two targets of stressors is very strong (R=0.809). Thus, WIRS causes changes in the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, which lead to changes in the metabolome and damage to the gastric mucosa and myocardium. The next goal was a detailed analysis of sexual dimorphism in these parameters in baseline and post stress situations. By the method of discriminant analysis was selected 23 variables (4 endocrines, 6 immune, 9 metabolic as well as 4 markers of damage in gastric mucosa and myocardium) whose constellation is characteristic for each group. The distance between the centroids of the major discriminant root of intact females and males as a measure of sexual dimorphism is 16.2 units. Acute stress increases it in control rats to 23.4 units, and in pretreated by phytoadaptogen - up to 29.4 units. Acute stress increases the severity of sexual dimorphism also in relation to variables, information about which is condensed in the minor root - from 0.99 to 2.29 units, while preventive use of phytoadaptogen limits it to 1.63 units. Thus, in intact rats, significant sex differences were found for a number of endocrine, immune, and metabolic variables, which increase under the influence of acute stress per se, and to an even greater extent against the background of preventive use of a phytoadaptogen. In a separate experiment, the ability of phytocomposition to prevent the adverse actotropic effect of Naftussya bioactive water was investigated. It was found that the weekly use of Naftyssya bioactive water reduces the duration of swimming of rats to exhaustion by 30% compared to the daily water control. Addition of phytoadaptogen to Naftyssya softens its negative actotropic effect by up to -9%, and adding Balsam to daily water prolongs the maximum duration of swimming compared to the control by 11%. A positive correlation of the swimming test with 17-KS excretion and water diuresis was revealed, but a negative correlation with mineralocorticoid activity, spontaneous diuresis and neutrophils phagocytosis. Thus, phytoadaptogen reverses the adverse effects of Naftussya bioactive water on dynamic muscle performance in healthy rats by mitigating the decrease in the excretion of 17-ketosteroids and increased mineralocorticoid activity. At the preparatory stage of clinical and physiological studies, the authors supplemented previously known data on the close relationship between the parameters of gas discharge visualization (GDV, electrophotonic) and neuroendocrine-immune complex with their own data on the relationship of EEG parameters with the energy and asymmetry of virtual Chakras, reconstructed on the basis of GDV parameters. It was found that the coefficients of canonical correlation between the EEG parameters and virtual Chakras Energy are in the interval 0,415÷0,564 and 0,358÷0,528 when registering without a filter and with a filter, respectively. Additional inclusion of HRV and endocrine parameters increases the strength of the canonical correlation to 0,768 and 0,772, respectively. The coefficients of canonical correlation between the EEG parameters and individual virtual Chakras Asymmetry are in the interval 0,284÷0,634 and 0,152÷0,458 when registering without a filter and with a filter, respectively. Integral coefficient of the canonical correlation is 0,820. The above data, taken together with the previous ones, state that between parameters of neuroendocrine-immune complex and GDV in general and virtual Chakras in particular, exist strong canonical correlation suggesting suitability of the latter method. The purpose of next study was relationships between levels of major adaptation hormones and EEG&HRV parameters at human with maladaptation. Using the method of canonical correlation analysis, it was found that the level of triiodothyronine is determined by the constellation of 17 EEGs and 4 HRVs parameters by 87,5%. The rate of determination of the cortisol level by 14 EEGs and 3 HRVs parameters is 83,7%, and aldosterone by the other 14 EEGs and 3 HRVs parameters is 80,0%. Neuromodulation of testosterone and calcitonin levels is characterized by sexual dimorphism. With the same coefficients of determination (92,4%), the regression model for testosteroneemia in women included 15 EEGs parameters and no HRV parameters, instead testosteroneemia in men is modulated by other 11 EEGs parameters and one HRV parameter. The level of calcitonin in women is determined by 86,2% by the constellation of 9 EEGs and 2 HRVs parameters, while in men by 83,5% by the other 5 EEGs and 4 HRVs parameters. Thus, levels of the main adaptation hormones are accompanied by specific patterns of EEG and HRV parameters. At the next stage, the immediate effects of a single use of the phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on HRV, EEG and GDV parameters at 12 women and 62 men with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex were investigated. Discriminant analysis revealed 26 EEG, 6 HRV and 7 GDV parameters characteristic of the baseline state and after consumption of phytocomposition or tap water. The use of balm causes the normalizing decrease of increased sympathotonic markers and the increase of decreased vagotonic markers. Physiologically favorable vegetotropic effects of the balm are accompanied by a further increase in the initially increased activity of β-rhythm-generating cortical and subcortical structures as well as activation of θ-rhythm-generating and inhibition of α- and δ-rhythm-generating nuclei whose initial activity was within normal limits. Neurotropic effects are accompanied by a decrease in fractality and entropy and an increase in the area of gas discharge image, as well as the energy of the first, fourth, fifth and seventh virtual Chakras. Thus, Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” causes favorable immediate neurotropic and biophysic changes at patients with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex. This provided the basis for studying long-term (9-day course) effects on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics at 16 women and 24 men with maladaptation. A noticeable effect of the phytocomposition on 38 parameters was revealed, grouped into 6 clusters, of which 4 are enhancing and 2 are reducing. In particular, the reduced levels of the adaptation index and phagocytosis parameters increase significantly, instead, the increased levels of the strain index, testosterone, triiodothyronine, LF band HRV as well as two biophotonics parameters decrease, that is, there is a normalizing/beneficial effect. At the same time, normal levels of HRV-markers of vagal tone decrease, and cortisol and circulating catecholamines as well as the activity of β- and α-rhythm generating neurons increase, but within the normal range. Finally, there is a further increase in the upper limit levels of activity of δ-rhythm generating neurons. Thus, Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” exerts classical adaptogenic effects on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex as well as biophotonics and acupuncture in humans with maladaptation. The discovery of the adaptogenic properties of the phytocomposition provided the basis for studying its ability to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ spa for patients with maladaptation. In the first study, it has been found that at patients with post-radiation encephalopathy standard balneotherapy increases the decreased level of T-helper lymphocytes, but further decreases the level of B-lymphocytes, glomerular filtration rate and PWC150, in combination with increased normal levels of blood creatinine and urea, as well as decreased levels of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. This is accompanied by a further increase in the sympathetic tone and the leveling of the increased of ULF band HRV as marker of level of catecholamines and glucocorticoids. Additional use of phytocomposition limits the adverse effects of standard balneotherapy by modulating EEG and HRV parameters. Thus, phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'" limits the adverse effects of standard balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ spa in patients with post-radiation encephalopathy. The effect of standard balneotherapeutic complex of the Truskavets’ Spa on the physical performance of both rats and resort patients is ambiguous. Therefore, the search for means of correcting its adverse or neutral actotropic effects remains relevant. The results of the experiment on rats provided the basis for clinical testing of the effectiveness of the phytocomposition. At the preparatory stage, the relationships between PWC and the parameters of neuro-endocrine regulation as well as sexual differences in such relationships were investigated. The object of observation were 30 women and 30 men with maladaptation. For estimation of PWC a two-stage bicycle ergometry used. Parameters of EEG, HRV and adaptation hormones levels registered twice with an interval of 4 or 7 days. It was found that PWC levels in men are generally downregulated by cortisol, triiodothyronine, sympathetic tone, and θ-rhythm generating neurons, but upregulated by testosterone, calcitonin, vagal tone, and related α-rhythm generating neurons. In women, PWC levels are borderline downregulated by cortisol and aldosterone, but significantly upregulated by circulating catecholamines and β-rhythm generating neurons. The object of last observation were 40 women with chronic cholecystitis in remission phase, who came for rehabilitation at the Truskavets' Spa. Registered PWC150, adaptation hormones levels, parameters of HRV, EEG, immunity, metabolism as well as GDV. Members of the control group received for two weeks standard balneotherapy: drinking of Naftussya bioactive water, application of Ozokerite, baths with mineral water. Members of the main group additionally received a phytoadaptogen. The analysis of individual changes revealed that normal levels of PWC in control group fell to the lower zone of the norm. Phytoadaptogen prevents PWC decrease. This is accompanied by the prevention of both a decrease in power spectral density (PSD) T4-θ EEG and VLF band HRV, leukocytes level as well as area and symmetry of GDV, as well as an increase in vagal tone and entropy of HRV as well as a rightward shift in the symmetry of the virtual first Chakra of GDV. In addition, phytoadaptogen reverses balneotherapy-induced moderate decrease in the frequency of α-rhythm, PSD O1-β, sympathetic tone, serum levels of catecholamines, testosterone and IgG, activity of Na,K-ATPase of erythrocyte shadows as well as Energy of the first, third and fourth virtual Chakras. Phytoadaptogen potentiates the reduction of PSD P4-β, IgM and cholesterol as well as initiates the reduction of δ-rhythm variability, PSD of α-rhythm in C3, C4, P4 and Fp2 loci, entropy in F4 locus as well as serum potassium while increasing in serum cortisol and calcitonin, blood B-lymphocytes levels as well as PSD Fp2-δ. Thus, the phytoadaptogen "Balm Truskavets'" prevents the adverse effect of the standard balneotherapeutic complex of the Truskavets’ Spa on PWC by, apparently, its neuro-endocrine effects. INTRODUCTION The researchers of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology have demonstrated the adaptogenic properties of the main curative factors of the Truskavets’ Spa such as Naftussya bioactive water, Ozokerite and mineral baths, which together make up a standard balneotherapeutic complex [Flyunt IS et al., 2002; Popovych IL et al., 2003; Kostyuk PG et al., 2006; Flyunt IS et al., 2008; Popovych IL, 2011; Popovych IL et al., 2022]. However, in contrast to the beneficial effect of the latter on stress resistance and the neuro-endocrine-immune complex, the effect on the physical performance of both rats and resort patients is ambiguous [Popovych IL et al., 2005; Zukow W et al., 2020; Zukow W et al., 2021; Zukow W et al., 2022]. It is important to note that, firstly, various responses of fitness to balneofactors are accompanied by characteristic changes in metabolic, HRV, EEG, immune, and other parameters; secondly, based on the constellation of such initial parameters, first of all, the level of fitness, as well as lipids and electrolytes, it is possible to predict not only the direction, but also the severity of the fitness reaction [Popovych IL et al., 2005; Zukow W et al., 2021; Zukow W et al., 2022]. A detailed analysis of the causes of the adverse actotropic effect of balneotherapy revealed the following. In an experiment on female rats, it was found that after 3 weeks of Naftussya water use adverse changes in swimming time to fatigue were observed only in 4 rats with initial very high performance, ie a reduction in swimming time from 61±7 min to 39±3 min. Instead, in 6 animals the performance increased from 13.0±1.4 min to 52.3±5.9 min, and in 8 animals did not change significantly (from 24.5±3.9 min to 37.3±5.9 min; p>0.05). In 73 children and adolescents of both sexes aged 10-17 with maladaptation, who received Naftussya water together with ozokerite applications and mineral baths, three variants of actotropic effects were also revealed. In particular, PWC170, assessed by the step test, decreased only in 31.5% of children with a PWC170 level significantly higher than the sex-age norm: from 125.8±3.5% to 119.6±3.0% (direct difference: -6.2±1.1%). On the other hand, the normal level of PWC170 in 21.9% of children did not change, and in 46.6% it increased from 113.7±2.7% to 125.6±2.8% (direct difference: 11.9±1.8%). A similar pattern also occurred in 42 adult gastroenterology patients of both sexes. In particular, PWC150, assessed by two-stage bicycle ergometry, decreased from 2.82±0.32 W/kg to 2.42±0.26 W/kg (by 11.0±5.0%) in 26.2% of patients, whereas in 47.6% of patients with lower work capacity, it increased from 2.32±0.18 W /kg to 2.45±0.14 W/kg (by 11.0±5.2%), and in another 26.2% it did not change significantly [Popovych IL et al., 2005]. The analysis of individual changes in another sample (19 men and 3 women with urate urolithiasis and chronic pyelonephritis) revealed that in 54.5% patients the normal level of fitness fell to the lower zone of the norm, however, in 45.5% patients reduced fitness was completely normalized [Zukow W et al., 2022]. This situation prompted researchers to additionally apply of aerobic training [Tserkovnyuk AV & Ruzhylo SV, 2001] and/or phytoadaptogens, both well-known (Ginseng, Bittner's balsam), and the Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Kryms'kyi" [Hrinchenko BV, 1998; Hrinchenko BV et al., 1999; Flyunt IS et al., 2002; Kostyuk PG et al., 2006]. Adaptogenic properties of "Balm Kryms'kyi" first discovered by representatives of the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology [Panasyuk YM et al., 1994; Alyeksyeyev ОІ et al., 1996; Pat. 10271 Ukraine MKI A 61 K 31/00, 1996]. Previous experimental and clinical-physiological studies have shown that adaptogenic properties are manifested in both actotropic and vegetative, endocrine, immunotropic, coagulotropic, metabolic effects [Panasyuk YM et al., 1994; Alyeksyeyev ОІ et al., 1996; Markova OO et al., 1997; Flyunt IS et al., 2002; Hrinchenko BV et al., 2006; Kostyuk PG et al., 2006; Flyunt IS et al., 2008; Hrinchenko BV, 2008]. However, the neurotropic properties of this phytocomposition remain unclear. Endocrine, immunological and biochemical studies, primarily in the experiment, were not carried out in full. In the statistical processing of digital material, modern methods were not used. Therefore, the study of the possibility of using phytoadaptogens to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation at the Truskavets’ Spa of patients with maladaptation remains relevant. The subject of the new study was a new Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” produced by private research and production enterprise "Ukrainian Balms", Mykolaїv, Ukraine (ТУ У 15.8-24055046-005:2009). It is similar in composition to its predecessor, differing in the smaller number of medicinal plants included in the recipe. Here are the components of the phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets'”: Nepeta cataria, Mentha×piperita, Salvia officinalis, Echinacea purpurea, Cichorium inthybus, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia balchanorum, Acorus calamus, Althaea officinalis, Silybum marianum, Rubus idaeus, Rosa majalis. The materials of the monograph are reflected in the following publications of the authors Ruzhylo SV, Fihura OA, Zukow W, Popovych IL. Immediate neurotropic effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015; 5(4): 415-427. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2015.05.04.042 Fihura OA, Ruzhylo SV, Żukow X, Popovych IL. Immediate effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition on biophotonics (GDV), EEG and HRV parameters. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021; 11(7): 349-365. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.07.035 Korda MM, Gozhenko AI, Fihura OA, Popovych DV, Żukow X, Popovych IL. Relationships between plasma levels of main adaptogene hormones and EEG&HRV parameters at human with dysadaptation. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2021; 11(12): 492-512. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2021.11.12.040 Babelyuk VY, Tserkovniuk RG, Dubkova GI, Kruhliy YS, Korolyshyn TA, Babelyuk NV, Zukow W, Ruzhylo SV, Fihura OA, Gozhenko AI, Popovych IL. Relationships between the neuro-endocrine parameters and virtual chakras energy and asymmetry. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022; 12(1): 235-249. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.01.020 Fihura OA, Ruzhylo SV, Popovych IL. Ukrainian adaptogenic phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” modulate EEG, HRV and biophotonics (GDV) parameters. Вісник морської медицини. 2022; 2(95): 99-108. DOI https://zenodo.org/record/6984227 Fihura OA, Ruzhylo SV, Zakalyak NR. Phytoadaptogen reverses the adverse effects of Naftussya bioactive water on dynamic muscle performance in healthy rats. Quality in Sport. 2022; 8(2): 45-55. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/QS.2022.08.02.004 Ruzhylo SV, Fihura OA, Zakalyak NR, Kovalchuk GY, Żukow X, Popovych DV. Sexual dimorphism in the neuro-endocrine regulation of bicycle ergometric test parameters in untrained individuals with dysfunction of the neuro-endocrine-immune complex. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022; 12(9): 971-984. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.09.110 Fihura OA, Ruzhylo SV, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Żukow X, Popovych IL. The influence of the Ukrainian phytocomposition "Balm Truskavets'" on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics in humans with maladaptation. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023; 13(1): 326-337. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.13.01.048 Fihura OA. Аmelioration by phytoadaptogene of effects of balneofactors of Truskavets’ Spa on patients with post-radiation encephalopathy. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023; 19(1): 36-58. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.19.01.005 Fihura OA, Melnyk OI, Ruzhylo SV, Zakalyak NR, Kondratska HD, Zukow W, Popovych IL. Relationships between neuro-endocrine, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosal damage parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023; 18(1): 162-190. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.18.01.014 Zukow W, Fihura OA, Żukow X, Muszkieta R, Hagner-Derengowska M, Smoleńska O, Michalska A, Melnyk OI, Ruzhylo SV, Zakalyak NR, Kondratska HD, Voloshyn OR, Popovych IL. Prevention of adverse effects of balneofactors at Truskavets' Spa on gastroenterologic patients through phytoadaptogens and therapeutic physical education: mechanisms of rehabilitation. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2024; 24(4): 791-810. DOI 10.7752/jpes.2024.04093 Zukow W, Fihura OA, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Ruzhylo SV, Melnyk OI, Yanchij RI, Popovych IL. Modulating effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on post stress changes in neuroendocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosa at rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024; 64: 55171. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.64.55171 Fihura OA, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Ruzhylo SV, Melnyk OI, Zukow W, Yanchij RI, Vorobienko AA, Plyska OI, Popovych IL. Metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiographic and morphologic gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024; 61: 54947. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.61.54947 Fihura O, Korda M, Klishch I, Ruzhylo S, Melnyk O, Zukow W, Yanchij R, Vorobienko A, Plyska O, Popovych D, Popovych I. Sexual dimorphism in basal and post stress parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex, metabolome, electrocardiogram, and gastric mucosa at rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2024; 72: 57566. DOI https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.72.5756 Fihura OA, Korda MM, Popovych DV, Ruzhylo SV. Plasma levels of main adaptogene hormones and EEG&HRV parameters are closely correlated. В: Матер. XIII Всеукраїнської наук.-практ. конф. “Актуальні питання патології за умов дії надзвичайних факторів на організм” (Тернопіль, 26-28 жовтня 2022 р). Тернопіль; 2022: 81-81. Fihura OA, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Ruzhylo SV, Melnyk OI, Zukow WA, Yanchij RI, Popovych IL. Modulating effects of Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on post-stress changes at rats. В: Матер. XIV Всеукраїнської наук.-практ. конф. “Актуальні питання патології за умов дії надзвичайних факторів на організм” (Тернопіль, 23-25 жовтня 2024 р). Тернопіль; 2024:72-73. Fihura OA, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Ruzhylo SV, Melnyk OI, Zukow W, Yanchij RI, Vorobienko AA, Plyska OI, Popovych IL. Metabolic and immune accompaniments of electrocardiographic and morphologic gastric mucosa parameters in naїve and stressed rats. Abstracts of the International Conference on Neuroscience and Scientific Readings Dedicated to Visceral Physiology and Pathophysiology, November 19-21, 2024. Fiziol. Zh. 2024;70(5S):111-112. Fihura OA, Ruzhylo SV, Korda MM, Klishch IM, Żukow X. The influence of the Ukrainian phytocomposition “Balm Truskavets’” on parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and biophotonics in humans with maladaptation. Abstracts of the International Conference on Neuroscience and Scientific Readings Dedicated to Visceral Physiology and Pathophysiology, November 19-21, 2024. Fiziol. Zh. 2024;70(5S):112-113.