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Deep Brain Sound Stimulation for Borderline Personality Disorder: Precision Auditory Stimulation

Authors: Dogan, Ugur;

Deep Brain Sound Stimulation for Borderline Personality Disorder: Precision Auditory Stimulation

Abstract

Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) affects approximately 1.6% of the global population and is characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and behavior. Traditional treatments, including psychotherapies such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), pharmacotherapy with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, are effective but often limited by issues of accessibility, cost, adherence, and side effects.Objective: This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of Deep Brain Sound Stimulation (DBSS), a novel non-invasive auditory therapy, based on user-reported outcomes from individuals with BPD.Methods: We analyzed feedback from 270 users who completed DBSS therapy for BPD via the Vital Tones mobile application on the Apple App Store. Additionally, 20 participants provided detailed responses through in-app surveys evaluating symptom improvements in emotional regulation, impulsivity, and interpersonal stability. Descriptive statistics were employed to determine median effectiveness and satisfaction rates.Results: The therapy demonstrated a high user satisfaction rate of 99.26%, with a minimal refund rate of 0.74%. Survey respondents reported a median symptom improvement of 50% (95% CI: 38.79%–61.21%). DBSS was well-tolerated, with no severe side effects reported and only minor adverse effects in a small number of sessions.Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate that DBSS is a promising non-invasive treatment for BPD, offering significant symptom improvement and high user satisfaction. However, the observational nature of the study, small survey sample, and reliance on self-reported data suggest that further controlled research is necessary to validate these results and establish DBSS's efficacy and safety.

Keywords

DBSS; brainwave frequencies; Borderline; Personality Disorder; BPD; brain stimulation; brainwave entrainment; auditory stimulation; neuroplasticity; digital health

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
hybrid
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