Abstract Physical activity is integral to promoting health and longevity in older adults, offering benefits such as enhanced mobility, improved mental health, and reduced risk of chronic diseases. However, aging brings physiological changes, including diminished balance, reduced muscle strength, and sensory impairments, which heighten the risks of falls, musculoskeletal injuries, and other complications during exercise. Preexisting conditions such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders further increase the complexity of engaging in physical activity safely. This article examines the multifaceted health risks associated with physical activity in the elderly, highlighting the need for tailored exercise programs and professional supervision to mitigate these dangers. It emphasizes strategies for injury prevention, including functional assessments, gradual progression, and education on proper techniques. By balancing the benefits and risks, this study underscores the importance of creating safe, individualized approaches to encourage active lifestyles in older adults, ultimately enhancing their overall health and quality of life. Keywords: elderly, physical activity, health risks, aging, injury prevention, tailored exercise programs, balance