Background: One of the most widespread endocrine issues affecting women of reproductive age is PCOS, which is also one of the main reasons of infertility. Cysts are not harmful, but they do cause hormonal problems, that can cause period problems and make it difficult to conceive1. Study Material: A quantitative study design (case-control study) was Carrie out in order to achieve the stated objective that include to identify of the polycystic ovary syndrome risk factors in women of reproductive age. The study is begun from July 7, 2021 to September 16, 2021 in Karbala Governmental. Sample and sampling: Study Sample non-probability Purposive sample of 61 control case and 50 study case woman’s. Results: The study results that the indicate different between control and study groups) for risk factors among (PCOS) for study sample. This table explain according to difference according to (Odd ratio) which there is that the no different between control and group study among patient risk factors (variable (PCOS such as (bad mood, Family History of diabetes, Fast food, Physical activity, discharge, and body mass index (0.84, o.80, 0.59, 0.79, 0.66, 0) respectively. While there is effect of risk factors among study groups for variables are (PCOS in the family, infertility in the family, regular menstruation in the mother, and dietary) (2.71, 2.97, 1.55, and 1.22) respectively. Conclusion: The study conclude the most the study sample for control study is (26-31) years and (19) years for study groups within and within level of education have academic study for control and secondary school for study. The study conclude by determine risk factors for poly cyst syndrome through comparison between case and study groups are PCOS in the family, infertility in the family, regular menstruation in the mother, and dietary.