ABSTRACT Evaluating the scarring differences between areas previously anesthetized with different local anesthetics is interesting to verify whether the choice of anesthetic helps in surgical healing in relation to inflammation, neovascularization and collagen deposition. To analyze the influence of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine on the inflammatory phase of surgical incision healing. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups to evaluate the effects of these local anesthetics in comparison with each other and with a control group. The animals were subjected to general anesthesia and subsequently scheduled for administration of the solutions and their samples were excised after 5 days. The scar area, neovascularization and collagen deposition were studied. Regarding inflammation and neovascularization, there were no significant differences between the groups, with all of them presenting pronounced levels. As for collagen deposition, this group exhibited significantly higher levels of type i, ii, and iii collagens compared to groups c and r. Regarding collagen deposition, this group demonstrated significantly higher levels of type i, ii and iii collagen when compared to groups c and r. No differences were observed between the groups in relation to the variation in scar measurements, inflammation and neovascularization. However, there was a significant difference in the production of collagens with an intensity of 6 to 12 times greater in collagen types i, ii and iii with the use of levobupivacaine. Keywords: Local anesthetics. Wound healing. Neovascularization. Collagen. Levobupivacaine. Ropivacaine.