The purpose of this study is to analyze the lexical challenges in translating Pirimkul Kadyrov’s novel "Starry Nights" from Uzbek to Russian, focusing on cultural and historical realities specific to the Timurid era. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis methods identified key groups of terms and phraseological units that complicate the adequate conveyance of meaning. Comparing various translation strategies, such as transliteration, adaptation, and use of equivalents, revealed that while preserving the authenticity of the original can hinder comprehension for Russian-speaking readers, adaptation facilitates understanding but partially loses the cultural nuances. The findings confirm the necessity of a combined approach that preserves the cultural specificity of the text while ensuring accessibility. The study offers an original approach to conveying cultural context in translation and provides new perspectives for exploring Uzbek literature in Russian.