Abstract: This paper explores the complex interplay of cultural factors that led to the evolution of children's literature in Assam during the 19th century. This period marked a time of significant transformation for Assam's sociocultural environment, which was largely influenced by British colonialism. The British introduced schools and other educational institutions, as well as Western literary traditions, which had a significant impact. This paper further investigates how this educational impulse intersected with Assam's native cultural environment to foster the development of children's literature. This simultaneity is focused by the pioneering authors who entered the field of children's literature during this period, such as Hemchandra Barua and Gunabhiram Barua, to argue how the culture was stereotyped and reflected in society. These authors modified their stories to appeal to a younger audience, with the aim of upholding cultural traditions and spreading moral ideals. This paper contends that these authors played a crucial role in shaping the development of early Assamese children's literature by blending traditional Assamese culture with Western literary influences. To impart cultural values and give children's literature a distinctive Assamese flavour, this study examines how Assam's folklore, mythology, and oral traditions enriched it. It argues that the combination of these elements with colonial schooling formed the unique nature of Assamese children's literature during the 19th century.