ORIGINAL ARTICLE Abstract Background: The accurate detection of root canal anatomy is essential for successful endodontic treatment. The use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging has been shown to improve the detection of additional MB canals. The study aimed to compare the accuracy of CBCT imaging and naked eye observation in detecting the presence of mesiobuccal (MB2) canal in extracted permanent maxillary first molar.Methods: This study was conducted in a private clinic using extracted teeth from 118 Bangladeshi patients. The sample size consisted of permanent maxillary first molars only. After all aseptic precaution, the presence of canals was evaluated using CBCT imaging and naked eye observation. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and the McNemar’s test was used to compare the presence or absence of MB2 canal between the CBCT and naked-eye examination methods which was significant at 5% level in 95% confidence interval (p<0.05).Results: The results showed that the mesiobuccal 2 canal was detected in 63.6% of teeth using CBCT imagingcompared to 55.9% with naked eye observation which was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the use of CBCT imaging may improve the detection ofmesiobuccal 2 canal in permanent maxillary first molar compared to naked eye observation. However, naked eye observation remains a reliable method for detecting other canals. Journal of Dentistry and Allied Science, Vol. 4 No 2, Article Received: 17 May 2021, Accepted: 21 June 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13992540 Published by: University Dental College ISSN: 2791-0857 (Print), 3005-2769 (Online)