The Indian railway system is widely used across the country. It ensures that individuals of all socioeconomic backgrounds may travel in style. It's great for moving jute, cement, gasoline, and other bulky items from one end of the nation to the other. Using an exponential growth technique this research analyzes the financial performance of Indian Railways from 2019 to 2023, highlighting trends in revenue, expenditure, profitability, and financial sustainability. All of the information for this research came from publicly available sources, such as the Indian Railways' annual reports. Through quantitative analysis of five years of data, this study aims to provide insights into the operational efficiencies and challenges faced by Indian Railways. The findings indicate significant trends in freight and passenger earnings, subsidies, and investment requirements, informing policymakers and stakeholders of the railway's financial health and future directions.