Introduction: Citrobacter species is gram negative, enteric bacilli that colonize in moist environment and found mostly in water, soil, food, and the intestines of animals and humans. They cause a wide spectrum of infections involving the urinary tract, liver, biliary tract, peritoneum, intestines, one, respiratory tract, endocardium, wounds, soft tissue, meninges, and the bloodstream. Increasing resistance to beta-lactam drugs especially the 3rd-generation cephalosporin in Citrobacter species is predominantly due to the production of multidrug resistant enzymes in particular extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Material & Method: This was a hospital lab based observational study carried out from the 500 samples, – 100 from each sample type (100 Urine, 100 Pus, 100 Sputum, 100 Blood and 100 Body fluid) collected over a period of 6 months from 13-08-2022 to 23-02-2023 at NMCH, Patna Bihar. Among these processed samples positive isolates of Citrobacter species are recovered and for further study sent to the department of Microbiology. First find out Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and ESBL producing strain from isolated Citrobacter species then find out total prevalence and ESBL, non-ESBL prevalance. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern tested against different antibiotics and determine the antibiogram of these isolates. ESBL production in all these isolates are detected by using double disc synergy test (DDST). Result: Out of 500 samples, 44 (8.80%) were detected positive for Citrobacter species isolates. Out of these 44 clinical isolates of Citrobacter species recruited for this study, 26 isolates (i.e. 59%) were confirmed to be ESBL producers by the DDST method and rest 18 (41%) non-ESBL producer. AST pattern shows high resistance rate to Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and more sensitive to Imipenem and with Colistin no resistant found in this study. Conclusion: From our results, it could be deduced that 59% of Citrobacter isolates harbour or express ESBLs; and they are resistant to commonly used antibiotics inclusive of some beta-lactams and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. There is therefore need for proper AST monitoring and detection of resistant antibiotics from clinically important bacterial pathogens so as to guide therapy and to contain their nefarious effect.

Introduction: Citrobacter species is gram negative, enteric bacilli that colonize in moist environment and found mostly in water, soil, food, and the intestines of animals and humans. They cause a wide spectrum of infections involving the urinary tract, liver, biliary tract, peritoneum, intestines, one, respiratory tract, endocardium, wounds, soft tissue, meninges, and the bloodstream. Increasing resistance to beta-lactam drugs especially the 3rd-generation cephalosporin in Citrobacter species is predominantly due to the production of multidrug resistant enzymes in particular extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Material & Method: This was a hospital lab based observational study carried out from the 500 samples, – 100 from each sample type (100 Urine, 100 Pus, 100 Sputum, 100 Blood and 100 Body fluid) collected over a period of 6 months from 13-08-2022 to 23-02-2023 at NMCH, Patna Bihar. Among these processed samples positive isolates of Citrobacter species are recovered and for further study sent to the department of Microbiology. First find out Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and ESBL producing strain from isolated Citrobacter species then find out total prevalence and ESBL, non-ESBL prevalance. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern tested against different antibiotics and determine the antibiogram of these isolates. ESBL production in all these isolates are detected by using double disc synergy test (DDST). Result: Out of 500 samples, 44 (8.80%) were detected positive for Citrobacter species isolates. Out of these 44 clinical isolates of Citrobacter species recruited for this study, 26 isolates (i.e. 59%) were confirmed to be ESBL producers by the DDST method and rest 18 (41%) non-ESBL producer. AST pattern shows high resistance rate to Cefotaxime, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and more sensitive to Imipenem and with Colistin no resistant found in this study. Conclusion: From our results, it could be deduced that 59% of Citrobacter isolates harbour or express ESBLs; and they are resistant to commonly used antibiotics inclusive of some beta-lactams and non-beta-lactam antibiotics. There is therefore need for proper AST monitoring and detection of resistant antibiotics from clinically important bacterial pathogens so as to guide therapy and to contain their nefarious effect.