In this article, the place of aluminum in the periodic table and its physical and chemical properties, which is one of the elements belonging to group III A of the periodic system, is studied. Aluminum is a metal with atomic number 13 in the third period and group III A of the periodic table. This article analyzes properties of aluminum such as atomic structure, ionization energy, electronegativity and oxidation state. Aluminum's physical properties, including density, melting and boiling points, electrical and thermal conductivity, and chemical behavior, are also discussed extensively. In particular, its passivation under the influence of the atmosphere and resistance to corrosion are shown as one of the important aspects. The article also briefly covers the importance of aluminum in industry and technology, its extraction and processing.