Figure 4. Right upper molars of Litopterna in occlusal view. A, M3 of Polymorphis ligatus (holotype, MLP 12-2169). B, M3 of Polymorphis? (AMNH-VP 29481). C, M2? of Polyacrodon lanciformis Roth, 1899 [MLP 12-2170 (mirrored)]. D, P1–M3 of Cramauchenia normalis (MLP 85-VII-3-38a). E, P1–M3 of Theosodon garretorum (FMNH P 13175). F, P5–M3 of Proectocion precisus (holotype; MACN A 10679). G, P2– M3 of Tricoelodus bicuspidatus [cast of MLP 61-IV-11-65 (P2–P4 mirrored)]. H, M3 of Proectocion argentinus (holotype; MACN A 10673). I, M1 of Lambdaconus suinus [MNHN.F.DES162 (mirrored)]. J, P1–M3 of Diadiaphorus majusculus (MLP 12-304). K, P4–M3 of Lambdaconus suinus (MACN A 52-198; P4 was mirrored). L, M1–M3 of Victorlemoinea prototypica (AMNH-VP 111963, M1 (cast of MNRJ specimen); cast of MNRJ 1470V, M2 (holotype; mirrored); cast of MNRJ 1472V, M3 (mirrored). M, M1–M3 of Paranisolambda prodromus (cast of DGM 304M, M1; cast of DGM 310M, M2–M3). N, P4–M3 of Anisolambda sp. (MLP 59-II-28-68, P4-P5 (mirrored); MLP 59-II-24-453, M1; MNHN.F.CAS 486, M2 (mirrored); MNHN.F.CAS488, M3 (mirrored). O, P5? of Wainka tshotshe (holotype; AMNH VP-28505 (mirrored). Relevant anatomical features of the dentition are labelled. Taxa with two prehypocristae are numbered from buccal (phyc1) to lingual (phyc2). When there are two cristae originating from the same cusp, they are numbered. More information on the specimens and observations are in Supporting information, File S2. For information about the tooth position convention, check the Material and methods. Abbreviations: hy, hypocone; hys, hypostyle; me, metacone; ms, mesostyle; mtl, metaconule; pa, paracone; phyc, prehypocrista; pmc, premetacrista; pmlc, premetaconular crista; pplc, preparaconular crista; pr, protocone; prl, paraconule; prt, protostyle; psmlc, postmetaconular crista; psplc, postparaconular crista; psprc, postprotocrista. Scale bars equal 1 cm.

Published as part of Püschel, Hans P., Shelley, Sarah L., Williamson, Thomas E., Perini, Fernando A., Wible, John R. & Brusatte, Stephen L., 2024, A new dentition-based phylogeny of Litopterna (Mammalia: Placentalia) and 'archaic' South American ungulates, pp. 1-50 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 202 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095, http://zenodo.org/record/13774717