Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant health issue globally, with cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) being precursors to invasive cervical carcinoma. p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the detection and progression of cervical neoplasms. This study aims to evaluate the expression of p16 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms and invasive cervical carcinoma using immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cervical tissue samples were collected, comprising 50 cases of CIN (graded I-III) and 50 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The intensity and distribution of p16 staining were evaluated and scored. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between p16 expression and the grade of cervical neoplasms. Results: p16 expression was observed in 80% of CIN cases and 95% of invasive cervical carcinoma cases. Specifically, p16 positivity was detected in 60% of CIN I, 80% of CIN II, and 90% of CIN III cases. Among invasive cervical carcinoma cases, 95% showed strong p16 positivity. A significant correlation was found between the grade of cervical neoplasm and p16 expression (p < 0.01). The mean p16 staining intensity score was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma compared to CIN (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 5.0 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that p16 expression increases with the severity of cervical neoplasms, making it a reliable biomarker for distinguishing between CIN and invasive cervical carcinoma. The significant correlation between p16 expression and neoplasm grade suggests its potential utility in diagnostic pathology for the early detection and management of cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant health issue globally, with cervical intraepithelial neoplasms (CIN) being precursors to invasive cervical carcinoma. p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the detection and progression of cervical neoplasms. This study aims to evaluate the expression of p16 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms and invasive cervical carcinoma using immunohistochemical analysis. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cervical tissue samples were collected, comprising 50 cases of CIN (graded I-III) and 50 cases of invasive cervical carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining for p16 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The intensity and distribution of p16 staining were evaluated and scored. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between p16 expression and the grade of cervical neoplasms. Results: p16 expression was observed in 80% of CIN cases and 95% of invasive cervical carcinoma cases. Specifically, p16 positivity was detected in 60% of CIN I, 80% of CIN II, and 90% of CIN III cases. Among invasive cervical carcinoma cases, 95% showed strong p16 positivity. A significant correlation was found between the grade of cervical neoplasm and p16 expression (p < 0.01). The mean p16 staining intensity score was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma compared to CIN (7.5 ± 0.5 vs. 5.0 ± 0.7; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that p16 expression increases with the severity of cervical neoplasms, making it a reliable biomarker for distinguishing between CIN and invasive cervical carcinoma. The significant correlation between p16 expression and neoplasm grade suggests its potential utility in diagnostic pathology for the early detection and management of cervical cancer.