This article is devoted to the study of dialectisms in the Spanish language and their linguistic and cultural features. The paper examines the main dialects of the Spanish language, their geographical distribution, as well as lexical, phonetic and grammatical features. Special attention is paid to the influence of cultural and historical factors on the formation of dialectisms. The research methodology includes the analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of dialects and the study of text corpora. The results show that dialectisms play an important role in reflecting the cultural diversity of the Spanish-speaking world and are an integral part of the linguistic identity of native speakers. In conclusion, the need for further study of dialectisms for a deeper understanding of the Spanish language and culture is emphasized.