Dependent Variable: Innovation Capability (measured by the corresponding metrics within the dataset) Independent Variable: ESG Score (composite score representing Environmental, Social, and Governance performance) Control Variables: Firm Size: The size of the firm, typically measured by total assets or revenue. ROA (Return on Assets): Net income divided by total assets, representing the profitability of the firm relative to its assets. Equity Concentration: Degree of ownership concentration within the firm. Leverage (Debt-to-Asset Ratio): A measure of the firm's financial leverage, indicating the proportion of debt used to finance assets. BM (Book-to-Market Ratio): Ratio of the book value of the firm to its market value. Tobin's Q: Ratio of the market value of a firm's assets to the replacement cost of those assets. Growth: Represents the growth potential or growth rate of the firm.

This dataset was constructed for a study on the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores and innovation capability among listed A-share manufacturing companies in China. The data were sourced from the CMSAR database, focusing on companies within the equipment manufacturing industry, while financial industry samples were excluded. The final dataset comprises 851 samples from 84 listed companies spanning the period from 2011 to 2022. Continuous variables in the dataset were winsorized at the 1% level to mitigate the influence of outliers.

The dataset has been processed to ensure the quality and reliability of the data: Outlier Handling: Continuous variables were winsorized at the 1% level to reduce the impact of extreme values. Exclusion Criteria: Financial sector companies were excluded to focus the analysis on the manufacturing sector. Time Period: The dataset covers a 12-year period from 2011 to 2022, providing a longitudinal view of the selected variables.

This dataset is suitable for academic and policy research exploring the link between ESG performance and innovation capability in the context of China's manufacturing sector. It can also be used to study the impact of various firm characteristics on innovation outcomes.