This study was conducted to examine the relationship between green transportation and sustainable supply chain performance of road transport companies in Rivers State. The study adopted an explanatory research design and collected primary data in a cross- sectional survey. Primary data was generated through self- administered questionnaire. The study population comprised of the twenty- six (26) road transport companies operating in Rivers State as obtained from the Rivers State ministry of transport. The entire population was adopted as sample size. 2 managers were selected from each of the 26 road transport companies to arrive at a total of 52 respondents. The reliability of the instrument used in the study was ascertained using the Cronbach’s Alpha of reliability with a threshold of 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation with the aid of statistical Package of Social Sciences version 25.0. The test was carried out at 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. The study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between green transportation and sustainable supply chain performance (environmental, social and economic) of road transport companies in Rivers State. Thus, the study concluded that green transportation significantly relates with sustainable supply chain performance of road transport companies in Rivers State, Nigeria: and recommended that management of road transport companies in Rivers State should build the company’s strategy around the idea of green transportation, provide economic driving classes, and invest in employee education.