Background: Understanding the anatomical variations of renal arteries is crucial for preventing complications during renal transplant surgeries, angiographic procedures, and other renal interventions. Aim: This study aims to document and analyze the variations in the renal arteries observed in human cadavers. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College, Gaya.. Eighty-three cadavers (166 kidneys) were included based on intact renal systems and exclusion of those with prior renal surgeries or significant postmortem deterioration. Renal arteries were dissected and traced from their origin at the abdominal aorta to their entry points into the kidneys. Data were collected on the number, origin, and entry points of the renal arteries. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, employing descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to compare variations by laterality and sex, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The study found that anatomical variations in renal arteries occurred in 62.65% of cadavers, with accessory renal arteries being the most common variation (28.92%). Variations were more frequent on the right side (34.93%) compared to the left (25.30%), and there was no significant difference between male and female cadavers. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing renal artery variations in surgical planning to minimize complications. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of renal artery variations is essential to prevent surgical and angiographic complications. The study underscores the importance of incorporating this knowledge into clinical practice to enhance the safety and efficiency of renal-related procedures. Recommendations: Further research should continue to document these variations in different populations and settings to refine surgical techniques and improve patient outcomes. Clinicians should consider preoperative imaging to identify these variations before performing any renal interventions.

Background: Understanding the anatomical variations of renal arteries is crucial for preventing complications during renal transplant surgeries, angiographic procedures, and other renal interventions. Aim: This study aims to document and analyze the variations in the renal arteries observed in human cadavers. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College, Gaya.. Eighty-three cadavers (166 kidneys) were included based on intact renal systems and exclusion of those with prior renal surgeries or significant postmortem deterioration. Renal arteries were dissected and traced from their origin at the abdominal aorta to their entry points into the kidneys. Data were collected on the number, origin, and entry points of the renal arteries. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0, employing descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to compare variations by laterality and sex, with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The study found that anatomical variations in renal arteries occurred in 62.65% of cadavers, with accessory renal arteries being the most common variation (28.92%). Variations were more frequent on the right side (34.93%) compared to the left (25.30%), and there was no significant difference between male and female cadavers. These findings highlight the importance of recognizing renal artery variations in surgical planning to minimize complications. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of renal artery variations is essential to prevent surgical and angiographic complications. The study underscores the importance of incorporating this knowledge into clinical practice to enhance the safety and efficiency of renal-related procedures. Recommendations: Further research should continue to document these variations in different populations and settings to refine surgical techniques and improve patient outcomes. Clinicians should consider preoperative imaging to identify these variations before performing any renal interventions.