Introduction: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of malignancies showing various non-specific clinical symptoms, different morphological features, molecular involvement which makes it an important differential for all rapidly growing malignancies in our body since it has got a greater propensity to metastasize. The clinical symptoms depend on both the “neuro” and “endocrine” properties. Histopathologically, they form broader two groups of well differentiated and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas and hence needs accurate grading depending on mitosis and Ki 67 counts. Hormonal and non-hormonal biomarkers like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP are of equal relevance as well as histology. IHC markers for neuroendocrine neoplasms include synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56 among others. Herein, we report all the neuroendocrine neoplasms detected in our setting for a period of 12 months and discuss extensively on the same. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study carried out in the histopathology section of Department of Pathology, SCB Medical College and hospital, Cuttack. The total duration of the study was 12 months spanning from June 2023-June 2024. All the histopathological confirmed cases of neuroendocrine neoplasms based on recent 5th edition of WHO classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors was analysed. Clinical data (age, sex, anatomical site) and histopathology along with IHC were studied. Results: We found a total of 12 patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine neoplasms involving various organs of the body. The mean age of patients was 51.83 years with age varying from 7yrs to 80 yrs. Majority were females with male to female ratio being 7:5. Majority of cases in our setting had involved adrenal glands with three cases diagnosed as pheochromocytoma followed by carotid body tumor (paraganglioma) and medullary carcinoma of thyroid, each with 2 cases respectively and rest all the organs presented with one case each i.e. pituitary, gastric, duodenal, rectum and appendix. Conclusion: In our cohort, the preponderance of pheochromocytomas was more followed by medullary carcinoma of thyroid and paraganglioma, with a notable female predominance. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours necessitates meticulous radiological examination including USG, CT and MRI. Histopathology along with immunohistochemistry is imperative for arriving at a final diagnosis, accurate grading, and the formulation of an optimal management for the patient.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of malignancies showing various non-specific clinical symptoms, different morphological features, molecular involvement which makes it an important differential for all rapidly growing malignancies in our body since it has got a greater propensity to metastasize. The clinical symptoms depend on both the “neuro” and “endocrine” properties. Histopathologically, they form broader two groups of well differentiated and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas and hence needs accurate grading depending on mitosis and Ki 67 counts. Hormonal and non-hormonal biomarkers like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP are of equal relevance as well as histology. IHC markers for neuroendocrine neoplasms include synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56 among others. Herein, we report all the neuroendocrine neoplasms detected in our setting for a period of 12 months and discuss extensively on the same. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross sectional study carried out in the histopathology section of Department of Pathology, SCB Medical College and hospital, Cuttack. The total duration of the study was 12 months spanning from June 2023-June 2024. All the histopathological confirmed cases of neuroendocrine neoplasms based on recent 5th edition of WHO classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors was analysed. Clinical data (age, sex, anatomical site) and histopathology along with IHC were studied. Results: We found a total of 12 patients diagnosed with neuroendocrine neoplasms involving various organs of the body. The mean age of patients was 51.83 years with age varying from 7yrs to 80 yrs. Majority were females with male to female ratio being 7:5. Majority of cases in our setting had involved adrenal glands with three cases diagnosed as pheochromocytoma followed by carotid body tumor (paraganglioma) and medullary carcinoma of thyroid, each with 2 cases respectively and rest all the organs presented with one case each i.e. pituitary, gastric, duodenal, rectum and appendix. Conclusion: In our cohort, the preponderance of pheochromocytomas was more followed by medullary carcinoma of thyroid and paraganglioma, with a notable female predominance. The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumours necessitates meticulous radiological examination including USG, CT and MRI. Histopathology along with immunohistochemistry is imperative for arriving at a final diagnosis, accurate grading, and the formulation of an optimal management for the patient.