Author: Schistosoma Genome Network ### Overview This protocol is a modification of the standard FISH protocol published by Hiro Hirai and Phil LoVerde in Parasitology Today (1995, 11(8) p 310-314) that has been optimised for use with BAC probes and should be read in conjunction with the published protocol. This protocol uses the BIOPRIME reaction kit from GibcoBRL to prepare biotin-labelled BAC DNA which is detected using FITC-Avidin (Vector Labs, DCS grade). Reagents from other manufacturers may work equally well but have not been tested. ### (1) Labeling of BAC clones - (a) take 10µl of standard stock solution of purified BAC clone and denature by boiling for 5 minutes, then snap cool in ice-water mix - (b) prepare 50 µl of labelling mixture as follows: - 10µl denatured DNA - 5µl 10x biotinylated dNTP stock (BIOPRIME reaction kit) - 20µl 2.5x buffer solution (BIOPRIME reaction kit) - 14µl ddH2O - 1µl Klenow enzyme (BIOPRIME reaction kit) - (c) incubate at 37oC for 3 hours - (d) stop reaction by heating to 65oC for 10 minutes ### (2) Ethanol precipitation - (a) add together: - labelling mix (from 1.d) - 50µl - 147µl ddH2O - 74µl 4M NaCl - 2µl salmon sperm DNA (10µg/µl stock) - 467µl cold (-20oC) ethanol - (b) keep at 4oC for 60 minutes - (c) centriufuge at 15,000 RPM at 4oC for 5 minutes - (d) remove supernatant, briefly dry pellet and then resuspend in 40 µl ultrapure formamide (Boehringer Mannheim or Intergene (Cat. No. S4117)) ### (3) Hybridization - (a) hybridization buffer: - 15µl 20 x SSC - 45µl 30% Dextran Sulphate - (b) hybridization mixture: - 30µl hybridization buffer (from 3.a) - 20µl labelled probe redissolved in formamide (from 2.d) - (c) denature the hybridization mixture at 72oC for 10 minutes - (d) denature the chromosome spread as folows: - 0.05M NaOH in 2 x SSC - 4.5 minutes - 70% ethanol - 5 minutes - 99.5% ethanol - 5 minutes - air dry - (e) apply the denatured probe to the chromosome spread, cover with parafilm (acting as a coverslip) and incubate in a humid chamber at 37oC for 12-16 hours ### (4) Post-hybridisation treatment / detection - (a) wash: - 40% formamide (standard grade) in 2 x SSC at 45oC for 10 minutes - 2 x SSC at 45oC for 10 minutes - 2 x SSC at room temperature for 10 minutes - (b) immersion and blocking: - BN buffer (0.1M NaHCO3 / 0.1% NP-40) or BI buffer (0.1M NaHCO3 / 0.1% IGEPAL CA-630 (Sigma I-3021 (as NP-40 may no longer be available))) for 5 minutes - 5% non fat milk in BN or BI buffer for 10 minutes - (c) detection: - 50µl of 5% non fat milk in BN or BI buffer containing 4µg FITC-Avidin (Vector Labs, DCS grade) for 60 minutes - (d) wash in BN or BI buffer, 2 x 10 minutes, with gentle shaking - (e) mount in antifade solution containing PI and DAPI as counterstains [](http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13604)