(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Hantaviruses are RNA viruses of the family Bunyaviridae. Their hosts are mammals of the orders rodents (voles, rats, mice), insectivores (shrews, moles), and chiroptera (bats). Hantaviruses are present in many areas of Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. In the Czech Republic, the occurrence of five species of hantaviruses has been reported (Dobrava/Belgrade, Puumala, Tula, Seewis, and Asikkala), with the first three of them causing human diseases. Although the course of hantavirus infections can be very serious, there is a low awareness of these diseases, even among health professionals, and hantavirus is often not considered in the diagnosis. A case history is reported of a patient who developed hantavirus haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) with fatal outcome. The patient presented with typical clinical signs, but the correct diagnosis was only made at post mortem.