c The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 W. Meng et al. (Eds.): ISPEC 2023, LNCS 14341, pp. 419–439, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7032-2_25 ABSTRACT Hash-based one-time signatures are becoming increasingly important as they are post-quantum safe and have been used in multicast communication and other applications. However, managing the state of such signatures can present a significant challenge, as signers are typically responsible for ensuring that the state cannot be reused. Recently, blockchain, as a public platform, is used to design revocation management and status verification systems. While blockchain revocation is attractive, many well-known blockchains make use of ECDSA as their underlying signature scheme, and this is not post-quantum safe. Researchers have been working on replacing ECDSA with post-quantum signature schemes but they are much more costly. In this paper, we introduce a new one-time signature scheme, called Blockchain-Aided Hashbased Signature (BAHS), in which a hash-based commitment scheme acts as the building block, and signers’ commitments and opened commitments are publicly accessible via a distributed blockchain. A signature is formed from the commitment/opened commitment and blockchain. Unlike existing blockchain systems, the commitment in BAHS is simpler than that in most existing hash-based one-time signature schemes or other post-quantum signature schemes. We provide a formal security model for the BAHS scheme and give the security proof. Finally, we have implemented our BAHS scheme and the result shows its practicality. AUTHORS Yalan Wang , Liqun Chen(B) , Long Meng , and Yangguang Tian University of Surrey, Guildford, UK liqun.chen@surrey.ac.uk