Aims: To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction as risk factor associated with severity of NAFLD.Objectives: Primary Objective: To assess prevalence of hypothyroidism in NAFLD patients. Secondary objective: To assess association of hypothyroidism as risk factor in NAFLD patients. Methodology: Present study was an observational prospective study between January 2023 to June 2024 in patients between age group 25-65 years attend OPD/IPD services at Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur. Results: The study observed significant associations between thyroid function parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Lower levels of fT3 and fT4 were found to be associated with increased odds of NAFLD (p < 0.001). Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. They modulate the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, β-oxidation, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver. Reduced thyroid hormone levels, as observed in hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism, can lead to impaired lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, with hypothyroidism often associated with insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Insulin resistance is a key pathogenic factor in NAFLD development, contributing to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Thus, alterations in thyroid function may exacerbate insulin resistance and further predispose individuals to NAFLD (36). Thyroid hormones exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in various tissues, including the liver. Hypothyroidism is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress, which can promote hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to NAFLD progression.

Aims: To study the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction as risk factor associated with severity of NAFLD.Objectives: Primary Objective: To assess prevalence of hypothyroidism in NAFLD patients. Secondary objective: To assess association of hypothyroidism as risk factor in NAFLD patients. Methodology: Present study was an observational prospective study between January 2023 to June 2024 in patients between age group 25-65 years attend OPD/IPD services at Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur. Results: The study observed significant associations between thyroid function parameters and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels. Lower levels of fT3 and fT4 were found to be associated with increased odds of NAFLD (p < 0.001). Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism. They modulate the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, β-oxidation, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver. Reduced thyroid hormone levels, as observed in hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism, can lead to impaired lipid metabolism, promoting hepatic steatosis. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones influence insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, with hypothyroidism often associated with insulin resistance and dysglycemia. Insulin resistance is a key pathogenic factor in NAFLD development, contributing to excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Thus, alterations in thyroid function may exacerbate insulin resistance and further predispose individuals to NAFLD (36). Thyroid hormones exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects in various tissues, including the liver. Hypothyroidism is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress, which can promote hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis, contributing to NAFLD progression.