Background: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (inflammation of the airways/ pulmonary tissue) in younger children needing hospitalization, due to viral or bacterial infection presents with fast breathing, chest retractions, and wheezing. Acute bronchiolitis is responsible for half of LRTI in children less than 2 years. Various bronchodilators have been used in the treatment. None have been found to be efficacious. Aims and Objectives: To compare nebulized 3% NaCl alone, with, nebulised adrenaline plus 3% NaCl, in the treatment of LRTI with special reference to bronchiolitis in terms of improvement in SpO2, decrease in Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI)score [0-17 min-max] and duration of hospital stay in patients aged 1-24 months. Methods: Children in the age group of 1-24 months with LRTI, and/ or bronchiolitis with RDAI score from 0 to 15, admitted in the Pediatric ward, Sir T G Hospital, Bhavnagar from October 2018 to August 2019. Results: Out of 114 children enrolled, 57 received Adrenaline plus 3% NaCl nebulisation; 57 received 3% NaCl nebulisation. There was improvement in both the Groups in Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, SPO2, Respiratory distress Assessment Instrument score and duration of stay. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the two groups except improvement in SpO2 in Adrenaline plus 3% NaCl nebulisation group. Conclusion: In the LRTI, including Bronchiolitis; nebulised adrenaline plus 3% NaCl, is not superior to 3% NaCl nebulisation alone, in the clinical improvement. The trial was registered at (CTRI) ctri.nic.in (CTRI/2018/10/016093).

Background: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) (inflammation of the airways/ pulmonary tissue) in younger children needing hospitalization, due to viral or bacterial infection presents with fast breathing, chest retractions, and wheezing. Acute bronchiolitis is responsible for half of LRTI in children less than 2 years. Various bronchodilators have been used in the treatment. None have been found to be efficacious. Aims and Objectives: To compare nebulized 3% NaCl alone, with, nebulised adrenaline plus 3% NaCl, in the treatment of LRTI with special reference to bronchiolitis in terms of improvement in SpO2, decrease in Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI)score [0-17 min-max] and duration of hospital stay in patients aged 1-24 months. Methods: Children in the age group of 1-24 months with LRTI, and/ or bronchiolitis with RDAI score from 0 to 15, admitted in the Pediatric ward, Sir T G Hospital, Bhavnagar from October 2018 to August 2019. Results: Out of 114 children enrolled, 57 received Adrenaline plus 3% NaCl nebulisation; 57 received 3% NaCl nebulisation. There was improvement in both the Groups in Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, SPO2, Respiratory distress Assessment Instrument score and duration of stay. There was no significant difference in these parameters between the two groups except improvement in SpO2 in Adrenaline plus 3% NaCl nebulisation group. Conclusion: In the LRTI, including Bronchiolitis; nebulised adrenaline plus 3% NaCl, is not superior to 3% NaCl nebulisation alone, in the clinical improvement. The trial was registered at (CTRI) ctri.nic.in (CTRI/2018/10/016093).