The dataset “CO2 NEE, ER and GPP + air and soil meteorological and climate parameters in Arctic tundra, Ny Ålesund (Svalbard, NO) - summer 2019_2021_2022_2023 – vascular vegetation – single point measurements” is a .csv file (filename: 0.data_NyAlesund_2019-2023.csv) reporting CO2 fluxes and basic meteoclimatic variables measured on vascular vegetation in the Bayelva Basin near Ny Ålesund, in the Brøgger peninsula, Spitsbergen, Norway, during the 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023 growing season peaks (about end of July-beginning of August). Data have been measured at two sites, called AIRPORT and CZ (Critical Zone Observatory). Average coordinates of the measuring sites are: AIRPORT: 78°55’25.7” N, 11°53’29.4” E; CZ: 78°55'15'' N, 11°51'25 E (WGS84). Fluxes were measured using the flux chamber method: the Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) was measured with a transparent flux chamber, while the Ecosystem Respiration (ER) with a shaded chamber. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is calculated as GPP = NEE - ER, where GPP is always negative, ER is always positive, and NEE can be either positive or negative or null according to the prevailing process. Sampling was performed in points covered with the most common vascular plants species at the measuring sites as Dryas octopetala, Silene acaulis, Salix polaris, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Carex rupestris or other Carex spp. Measurement units used in the dataset: Fluxes (NEE, ER and GPP) are expressed as (μmol/m2/s). Flux data are complemented by measurements of solar irradiance (Rad , in W/m2), air temperature (Ta, in Celsius degrees), air moisture (RH, in %), soil volumetric water content (VWC, in %), soil temperature (Ts, in Celsius degrees), Green Fractional Cover (GFC, fractional number between 0 and 1), Days Since Snowmelt (DSS, integer number). The Green Fractional Cover of the vegetation inscribed within the sampling surface was estimated from digital RGB pictures taken at the nadir of the measurement points. Date of measurement is expressed in dd.mm.yy, and time of measurement as hour.decimal-hour.