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Una Propuesta De Escala De Intensidad Sísmica Obtenida Del Códice Náhuatl Telleriano Remensis

Authors: Víctor Hugo Garduño-Monroy;

Una Propuesta De Escala De Intensidad Sísmica Obtenida Del Códice Náhuatl Telleriano Remensis

Abstract

Antes de la llegada de los españoles a América, entre los siglos XIV y XVI, los hechos y acontecimientos de la vida diaria fueron registrados por los pueblos nativos con símbolos en los códices. Muchos de esos códices fueron destruidos por los españoles al ser considerados una forma de idolatría. Sin embargo, en México y en el extranjero existen aún varios códices que fueron dibujados por los tlacuilos, personas con conocimientos en diferentes disciplinas como los procesos naturales, la biodiversidad, las guerras y los problemas sociales y religiosos. Uno de ellos, con una gran cantidad de información, es el códice conocido como Telleriano Remensis. Este contiene representaciones de diversos procesos naturales como el clima, las erupciones volcánicas y los sismos, así como de procesos de tipo social, político y religioso, entre otros. Un análisis geocientífico cuidadoso de este códice, consultando la literatura relacionada, ha permitido encontrar evidencias de doce eventos sísmicos que quedaron registrados en el espacio y en el tiempo. Los sismos se representaron con dos símbolos combinados correspondientes a la tierra y al movimiento. Por separado, ninguno de estos dos símbolos está relacionado con los sismos, si bien juntos sí representan un evento sísmico cuyos efectos podrían reflejar una intensidad o grado V en la escala de intensidad sísmica ambiental conocida como ESI (Environmental Seismic Intensity) 2007. Pero también se plantea la posibilidad de que el pueblo náhuatl hubiera conseguido una escala de intensidades de sismos antes de las escalas modernas. ENGLISH: A Proposal of a Seismic Intensity Scale Obtained from the Nahuatl Codex Telleriano Remensis. Before the arrival of the Spaniards in America, between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries A.D., events and daily life were described through symbols in documents called codices. During the conquest, the Spaniards destroyed many of the codices because they were viewed as idolatrous. In Mexico and overseas there exist a number of codex that were artistically and consistently drawn by the Tlacuilo people who had strong knowledge in different disciplines, including natural processes, biodiversity, war and social and religious problems. These codices contain five kinds of glyphs: numerals, calendrical, pictographic, ideographic and phonetic. One codex that contains an especially large amount of information about natural processes such as climate, volcanic eruptions, and major earthquakes, is the Telleriano Remensis. A careful analysis of this codex and related documents provides evidence for 12 earthquakes defined in space and time. Earthquakes were represented by two combined symbols: motion and earth. These symbols are not related to earthquakes themselves, but together, represent a seismic event, whose effects could be related to intensities of V in the ESI 2007 scale. The effects interpreted in the codex (tilted buildings, rolling stones, landslides, and human migration) suggest that earthquake strengths are very similar to those described in the 2007 ESI scale. The Mexicas, influenced by the Mayan culture, assigned a determined number of bars (tlalli) to each earthquake giving them a numerical representation and scale. This indicates that prehispanic cultures, such as the Aztec (Mexicas), Mixtec and Zapotec, already had some assessment criteria to scale earthquakes and their effects.

Keywords

ESI 2007 scale, Prehispanic seismic events, Intensity scale

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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