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Other literature type . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Conference object . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Conference object . 2024
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Time-varying X-ray emission from stellar flares and its impact on disk evolution

Authors: Washinoue, Haruka;

Time-varying X-ray emission from stellar flares and its impact on disk evolution

Abstract

X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) radiation from pre-main-sequence stars is a key factor to control the gas evolution in protoplanetary disks through photoevaporation and ionization. Among the XUV sources in the system, stellar flares serve as a unique emitter of hard X-ray photons (≳ 10 keV) which drive various chemical reactions in the disk. While previous observation has reported that the time-variability in stellar X-ray luminosity has a non-negligible effect on disk ionization, theoretical work has still lacked precise modeling of X-ray flares, such as the nature of individual flares and hard X-ray emission. Given the necessity to incorporate the previously overlooked factors for elucidating the role of flares in disk evolution, we develop a model of time-varying X-ray emission in pre-main-sequence stars based on theories and observations of stellar flares. This model enables us to generate X-ray light curves of flares and their spectral energy distributions, including their temporal evolution. Using our X-ray model, we also conduct the radiative transfer calculation to investigate how X-ray flares affect the disk ionization. Our findings indicate that photons with ≳ 10 keV play a critical role in disk ionization, underscoring the essential contribution of stellar flares to disk chemistry.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Protoplanetary disk, Stellar flares

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green