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Nosce Te Ipsum: Zur Wandlung Von Funktionen Und Räumen Des Leidener Anatomischen Theaters Im 18. Jahrhundert

Authors: Hendriksen, Marieke M.A.;

Nosce Te Ipsum: Zur Wandlung Von Funktionen Und Räumen Des Leidener Anatomischen Theaters Im 18. Jahrhundert

Abstract

Als Berlin im Jahre 1713 ein anatomisches Theater erhielt, knüpfte dieses an existierende Vorbilder – unter anderem das Theatrum anatomicum im niederländischen Leiden – an. Anders jedoch als die Berliner Einrichtung, die unabhängig von einer Universität gegründet und mit Mitteln des preu- ßischen Soldatenkönigs Friedrich Wilhelm I. (1688−1740) aufgerichtet worden war, war das Leidener Anatomische Theater 1590 als Teil der 1575 eröffneten Universität auf Initiative des Professors für Anatomie sowie der Kuratoren der Universität erbaut worden.1 Zu Zeiten, als sich die Berliner Institution schließlich etabliert hatte, hatte das Leidener Thea- trum anatomicum bereits viel von seiner ursprünglichen Funktion als Ort der anatomischen Sektion und Lehre eingebüßt und sich mehr und mehr von einer akademischen Institution zu einer Touristenattraktion gewan- delt (Abb. 2 und 3). In meinem Beitrag nehme ich die sich wandelnden Sammlungen, Funktionen und Räume des Leidener Anatomischen Thea- ters in den Blick. Ich möchte damit aufzeigen, dass sich das Verständnis davon, was anatomische Vorlesungen und eine anatomische Sammlung ausmachten und wie sie ausgestattet sein sollten, im Leiden des 18. Jahr- hunderts grundlegend wandelte. Daraus wird deutlich, dass Räume, die auf den ersten Blick sehr ähnlich anmuten – zwei Anatomische Theater im 18. Jahrhundert – tatsächlich sehr unterschiedlichen Zwecken dienen und sehr verschieden wahrgenommen werden konnten.

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