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O-004. Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda En La Embarazada. Consideraciones Anestésicas Para Una Cesárea. Reporte De Un Caso

Authors: Fernandez, M. S.; Dono, Julio César; Alejandro Figar;

O-004. Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda En La Embarazada. Consideraciones Anestésicas Para Una Cesárea. Reporte De Un Caso

Abstract

Introduccion: La incidencia de Leucemia Aguda en el embarazo es aproximadamente 1:75000 (28% linfoblásticas). Son pacientes inmunocomprometidas que merecen especial consideración durante la anestesia para cirugía de cesárea. Caso: Paciente de 32 años diagnosticada con leucemia linfoblástica aguda tipo B en la semana 20 del embarazo. Completó dos fases de tratamiento quimioterápico de inducción: fase 1A (Meprednisona + Doxorrubicina + Vincristina); y fase 1B (Citarabina + Ciclofosfamida) un mes después. Se decidió finalizar el embarazo en la semana 32 por cesárea para evitar exponer al feto a la siguiente fase del tratamiento (Vincristina + Citarabina + Metotrexato). Se realizó anestesia raquídea para la cirugía dado que los resultados del coagulograma se encontraban dentro de valores aceptables (PLAQ118100; TP82; KPTT25). La punción fue mediana, única, atraumática e indolora a nivel de L3-L4 con aguja 27G punta lápiz, bajo estrictas normas de asepsia. Inyección subaracnoidea de Bupivacaína isobárica 10mg + Fentanilo 25mcg. Se cubrió la zona de punción con una curación estéril. Se minimizó la circulación de personal de salud dentro del quirófano. Se completó la cirugía sin complicaciones. Discusión: Potenciales complicaciones de la anestesia raquídea en pacientes inmunocomprometidas: Infecciosas por respuesta inflamatoria alterada que predispone a infecciones por gérmenes no convencionales y retrasa el diagnóstico por el atenuamiento de manifestaciones clínicas. Hemorrágicas por alteraciones plaquetarias cuantitativas (compromiso medular por infiltración neoplásica o supresión quimioterápica) y cualitativas y alteraciones de la coagulación patognomónicos de las neoplasias hematológicas. Recuentos > a 100000/mm3 serían seguros para anestesia neuroaxial en pacientes con LLA, pero no se correlacionan con el riesgo de hematoma espinal. Infiltración del SNC con células neoplásicas en punciones traumáticas cuando hay blastos circulantes en sangre. Neurológicas porque la neurotoxicidad de los quimioterápicos aumenta la susceptibilidad al daño axonal con técnicas neuroaxiales (isquemia, trauma, toxicidad por anestésicos locales). El 100% de los pacientes con vincristina, aún asintomáticos, presentan neuropatía periférica.

{"references": ["Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ. Regional Anesthesia in the Immunocompromised Patient. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2006; 31(4): 334-345", "Howard SC, et al. Risks Factors for Traumatic and Bloody Lumbar Puncture in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 288(16): 23-30", "Matsuoka C, Marinopoulos S, Barbaroussi D, Antsaklis A. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia during Gestation. Medical Oncology 2008; 25: 190-193", "Ticky J, Oberoi S, Friend S, Busowski J, Langenstroer M, Baidas S. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Pregnancy: a case report with literature review. Therapeutic Advances in Hematology 2013; 4(5): 313-319"]}

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Keywords

embarazo, cesárea, Leucemia linfoblástica aguda, inmunosupresión

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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