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Питання Реалізації Активного Виборчого Права Внутрішньо Переміщеними Особами В Україні

Питання Реалізації Активного Виборчого Права Внутрішньо Переміщеними Особами В Україні

Abstract

Досліджено проблему забезпечення активного виборчого права внутрішньо переміщених осіб та інших мобільних груп населення. Розкрито сучасний стан правового регулювання. Проаналізовано зареєстровані у Верховній Раді України законопроекти, їх переваги та недоліки. Один із законопроектів запропоновано прийняти з правками в частині термінів звернення до органів ведення реєстру виборців та підстав для зміни виборчої адреси. Продемонстровано необхідність зміни критерію належності до територіальної громади для забезпечення права голосу внутрішньо переміщених осіб на місцевих виборах. Розглянуто проблему "змішування" електорату у взаємозв’язку з типом представницького мандату народних депутатів України. З метою дотримання принципу рівного виборчого права запропоновано забезпечити право голосу інших мобільних груп населення на рівні з внутрішньо переміщеними особами. Розглянуто досвід зарубіжних країн щодо забезпечення виборчих прав внутрішньо переміщених осіб. Исследована проблема обеспечения активного избирательного права внутренне перемещенных лиц и других мобильных групп населения. Раскрыто действующее правовое регулирования. Проанализированы зарегистрированные в Верховной Раде Украины законопроекты, их преимущества и недостатки. Один из законопроектов предложено принять с правками в части сроков обращения в органы ведения реестра избирателей и оснований для изменения избирательного адреса. Продемонстрирована необходимость изменения критерия принадлежности к территориальной общине для обеспечения права голоса внутренне перемещенных лиц на местных выборах. Рассмотрена проблема "смешивания" электората во взаимосвязи с типом представительского мандата народных депутатов Украины. С целью соблюдения принципа равного избирательного права предложено обеспечить право голоса других мобильных групп населения на уровне с внутренне перемещенными лицами. Рассмотрено опыт зарубежных стран касательно обеспечения избирательных прав внутренне перемещенных лиц. This article researches the problem of ensuring the active electoral rights of internally displaced persons and other mobile populations. The authors analyze the modern condition of legal regulation. Internally displaced persons can only vote at the election of the President and members of Parliament in the nationwide constituency (by proportional system of closed lists) today. To ensure the voting rights of internally displaced persons in local elections and elections members of Parliament in single-member districts to Parliament of Ukraine filed a few bills. The article investigates their advantages and disadvantages. The authors propose to adopt one of the bills, but to change certain provisions relating to the term of appeal to the competent authorities of the register of electors and grounds for changing the election address. There aren’t clearly defined criteria of belonging to the community, but in practice, we use a criterion of place of registration. The article demonstrates the need to change the criterion of belonging to a territorial community to ensure the voting rights of internally displaced persons in local elections. In foreign countries for members of a territorial community can include the persons living in the territory for a long time (the residency requirement), persons who pay taxes or have real estate and other grounds. The application of the residency requirement is admissible in accordance with the code of good practice in electoral matters, but if its duration does not exceed six months (except in cases of protection of rights of national minorities). This article also researches the problem of "mixing" of the electorate in conjunction with the type of representative mandate of deputies of the Parliament of Ukraine. This problem is caused by concentration of internally displaced persons in certain constituencies. The authors believe it inappropriate to argue about the "mixing" of the electorate for the election of members of Parliament of Ukraine, because members of Parliament have a free mandate to represent the people, regardless of the electoral system. The authors propose ensuring the voting rights of internally displaced persons and other mobile populations at the same level. This would correspond to the principle of equal suffrage. This article considers the experience of Georgia in ensuring the electoral rights of internally displaced persons, where they can vote in the presidential, parliamentary and local elections.

{"references": ["1.\tOfitsiynyy sayt Ministerstva sotsial\u02b9noyi polityky [Official site of the Ministry of Social Policy]. Retrieved from: https://www.msp.gov.ua/news/15003.html [in Ukr].", "2.\tMokhonchuk B. S. Vyborcha systema yak konstytutsiyno-pravovyy instytut [The electoral system as a constitutional and legal institute]. Kandydats\u02b9ka dysertatsiya thesis (12.00.02). Kharkiv [in Ukr].", "3.\tMooney E., & Jarrah B. (2005). Displaced and Disenfranchised: Internally Displaced Persons and Elec-tions in the OSCE Region. Ethnopolitics, 4 (1). 29\u201348 [in Eng.].", "4.\tShujaat, F., Roberts, H., & Erben, P. (2016). Internally Displaced Persons and Electoral Participation: A Brief Overview. International Foundation for Electoral Systems [in Eng.].", "5.\tNesterovych, V. F. (2016). Problemy realizatsiyi vyborchoho prava vnutrishn\u02b9o peremishchenymy osobamy v Ukrayini. Problemy zakhystu prav i svobod vymushenykh pereselentsiv, a takozh interesiv hromadyan abo derzhavy na tymchasovo okupovanykh terytoriyakh ta v rayonakh provedennya antyterorystychnoyi operatsiyi: materialy mizhnarodnoho kruhloho stolu (27 zhovtnya 2016 roku) [Problems of implementing the electoral law by internally displaced persons in Ukraine. Problems of the protection of the rights and freedoms of internally displaced persons, as well as the interests of citizens or the state in the temporarily occupied territories and areas of the anti-terrorist operation: materials of the international round table (October 27, 2016)]. Kyiv: Natsional\u02b9na akademiya prokuratury Ukrayiny. (s. 62\u201365) [in Ukr].", "6.\tPavshuk, K. O. (2016). Problema zabezpechennya vyborchykh prav vnutrishn\u02b9o peremishchenykh osib v Ukrayini: teoriya i praktyka [The problem of ensuring the electoral rights of internally displaced persons in Ukraine: theory and practice]. Visnyk Luhans\u02b9koho derzhavnoho universytetu vnutrishnikh sprav imeni E. O. Didorenka, (3). 185\u2013192 [in Ukr].", "7.\tBezzub, I. O. Vyborchi prava vnutrishn\u02b9o peremishchenykh osib: dumky ta otsinky ekspertiv [Electoral rights of internally displaced persons: Opinions and expert assessments] Retrieved from: http://nbuviap.gov.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1578:viborchi-prava-vnutrishno-peremishchenikh-osib-dumki-ta-otsinki-ekspertiv&catid=8&Itemid=350 [in Ukr].", "8.\tSer\u02b9ohina, S. H. (2014). Udoskonalennya mistsevoho samovryaduvannya v Ukrayini v umovakh demokratyzatsiyi ta konsolidatsiyi suspil\u02b9stva [Improvement of local self-government in Ukraine in the conditions of democratization and consolidation of society]. Pravo Ukrayiny, (4). 107\u2013115 [in Ukr].", "9.\tBatanov, O. V. (2008). Terytorial\u02b9na hromada \u2013 pervynnyy sub'yekt munitsypal\u02b9noyi vlady v Ukrayini: ponyattya ta oznaky [Territorial community - the primary subject of municipal government in Ukraine: no-tions and attributes]. Visnyk Tsentral\u02b9noyi vyborchoyi komisiyi, 2(12). 51\u201357 [in Ukr].", "10.\tKovryzhenko, D. S. (Red.). (2006). Vybory v Yevropeys\u02b9komu Soyuzi [Elections in the European Union]. Kyiv: FADA, LTD [in Ukr].", "11.\tMartselyak, O. V., & Martselyak, S. M. (2015). Pravova pryroda y vydy tsenziv u vyborchomu pravi [Le-gal nature and types of qualifications in electoral law]. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorods\u02b9koho Natsional\u02b9noho universytetu, 33(1). 79\u201393 [in Ukr].", "12.\tElection Code of Georgia. The Venice Commission of the Council of Europe. Retrieved from: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-REF%282016%29004-e [in Eng.]."]}

Keywords

voting by internally displaced persons; voting by mobile groups of people; criteria of belonging to the territorial community; ensuring active suffrage, голосование внутренне перемещенными лицами; голосования мобильными группами населения; критерии принадлежности к территориальной общине; обеспечения активного избирательного права, голосування внутрішньо переміщеними особами; голосування мобільними групами населення; критерії належності до територіальної громади; забезпечення активного виборчого права

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