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RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL DE LA PERSONA JURÍDICA EN EL DERECHO COMPARADO

Authors: Donaires Sánchez, Pedro;

RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL DE LA PERSONA JURÍDICA EN EL DERECHO COMPARADO

Abstract

¿Las personas jurídicas son pasibles de responsabilidad penal como las personas naturales? Al respecto, Reyna, sostenía que el aforismo latino que dice “societas delinquere non potest”, la sociedad, la empresa, no puede delinquir, hasta hace pocas décadas, era enunciado de modo categórico, negando la posibilidad de sancionar penalmente a las propias personas jurídicas (pues, a los directivos, sí se les puede sancionar) y reafirmando el paradigma de la responsabilidad penal individual. A la actualidad, sostenía, la perspectiva ha cambiado de tal manera que se busca diseñar un sistema legal que permita la incorporación de la responsabilidad penal de las empresas. Con justificación, el citado autor sostiene que la relevancia actual de la criminalidad producida en el contexto empresarial provoca exigencias político criminales que han motivado que el antes excepcional discurso de responsabilidad penal de la propia persona jurídica se transforme en una tendencia dominante que trasciende los límites del common law. Las legislaciones penales en derecho comparado mostraban un panorama bastante claro: En los países del common law predominaba la regla de la responsabilidad directa de la persona jurídica; en los países del orden jurídico europeo continental la posibilidad de sancionar directamente a la persona jurídica era rechazada a favor de la responsabilidad penal individual. Hoy en día ese esquema se ha visto alterado.

Keywords

responsabilidad penal de la empresa, derecho comparado

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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