Background: Complex Febrile Seizures (CFS) continues longer, start in one place, or occurs more than once in 24 hours. Convulsions can cause paediatric encephalopathy, a serious neurological condition. Encephalopathy prevalence in children with CFS and its long-term effects remain unknown, even if clinically relevant. This study will review CFS and encephalopathy to fill that information gap. Methods: This IGIMS Patna retrospective study examined complicated febrile seizures in children from January 2022 to December 2023. The study included 50 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients’ medical records provided demographics, seizure features, encephalopathy types, and short- and long-term outcomes. Analyses employed descriptive and inferential statistics to summarise data and examine variable correlations. Results: Encephalopathy was diagnosed in all 50 individuals. Infectious encephalopathy was 40%, metabolic 30%, genetic 20%, and idiopathic 10%. Short-term data showed 70% of patients recovered and 30% had neurological difficulties. Seizures recurred in 40% of individuals, while 60% did not. These findings show that CFS patients had a high encephalopathy rate and varying recovery and recurrence rates. Conclusion: This study stresses short-term recovery, long-term seizure recurrence, and the high risk of encephalopathy in children with complex febrile seizures. The findings emphasise the importance of constantly monitoring and testing CFS youngsters to detect neurological issues. Future research should focus on larger cohort studies and effective drugs and techniques to prevent complex febrile seizures and encephalopathy.

Background: Complex Febrile Seizures (CFS) continues longer, start in one place, or occurs more than once in 24 hours. Convulsions can cause paediatric encephalopathy, a serious neurological condition. Encephalopathy prevalence in children with CFS and its long-term effects remain unknown, even if clinically relevant. This study will review CFS and encephalopathy to fill that information gap. Methods: This IGIMS Patna retrospective study examined complicated febrile seizures in children from January 2022 to December 2023. The study included 50 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients’ medical records provided demographics, seizure features, encephalopathy types, and short- and long-term outcomes. Analyses employed descriptive and inferential statistics to summarise data and examine variable correlations. Results: Encephalopathy was diagnosed in all 50 individuals. Infectious encephalopathy was 40%, metabolic 30%, genetic 20%, and idiopathic 10%. Short-term data showed 70% of patients recovered and 30% had neurological difficulties. Seizures recurred in 40% of individuals, while 60% did not. These findings show that CFS patients had a high encephalopathy rate and varying recovery and recurrence rates. Conclusion: This study stresses short-term recovery, long-term seizure recurrence, and the high risk of encephalopathy in children with complex febrile seizures. The findings emphasise the importance of constantly monitoring and testing CFS youngsters to detect neurological issues. Future research should focus on larger cohort studies and effective drugs and techniques to prevent complex febrile seizures and encephalopathy.