This is the 10 July 2024 release of Founding Patents (see foundingpatents.com). The data adds a founding year for a large fraction of US-based corporate assignees using information from OpenCorporates. There are three files: ocpb_assigneeatfiling.csv This is the primary data that contains the founding year and venture capital indicator. Note that the venture capital indicator is time-invariant. The variables are defined here and in Table 1 of the accompanying paper: Variable Type Description patent_id Int The year the assignee was founded according to our search for the patenting firm in OpenCorporates as described in Appendix Section A of the paper. founding_year int The year the assignee was founded according to our search for the patenting firm in OpenCorporates as described in Appendix Section A of the paper. founding_score int The confidence in assignee/OpenCorporates match (out of 10, see Appendix Section A in the paper). vc_backed_assignee flag (boolean) A 0-1 variable that is equal to one if the company was ever VCbacked using our merge of Pitchbook to the assignee data as described in Appendix Section B of the paper. vc_score int Confidence in the assignee/PitchBook match (out of 10, see Section B.) initassignee_id string an ID created by us to cover original as well as reassigned assignees. see initassignee_dxwalk20220630pv for the assignee ID from the PatentsView 30 June 2022 release, where it was possible to find a match. initassignee_organization string Assignee name, either from the 6/30/2022 release of PatentsView or from the Patent Assignment database same_as_20220630pv flag (boolean) indicates whether the assignee name is the same as in the 6/30/2022 edition of PatentsView (0) or whether it was replaced via the Patent Assignment file (1). assignee_organization_20220630pv string Assignee name from the 6/30/2022 release of PatentsView. For assignees replaced via the Patent Assignment file, this will not match initassignee organization. assignee_id_20220630pv flag (boolean) Assignee ID from the 6/30/2022 release of PatentsView. PatentsView changes the assignee IDs with each release. initassignee_idxwalk20220630pv string Assignee name from the 6/30/2022 release of PatentsView foundinoc flag (boolean) was the initiassignee organization found in OpenCorporates? company_number int Company identifier from OpenCorporates (if found). gvkey string linkage to Compustat, from DISCERN Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer (2021) cusip string linkage to Compustat, from DISCERN Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer (2021) first_year_publicly_listed int The year an assignee that was ever publicly-traded appeared on a U.S. exchange. Data was sourced from (Ritter, 2023), supplemented by manual searches. uo_discern flag (boolean) One if the firm was ever publicly-traded on a U.S. exchange, and the patent is assigned to that company (Arora, Belenzon, and Sheer, 2021). sub_discern flag (boolean) A 0-1 variable for whether the assignee was acquired by a publiclytraded firm on a U.S. exchange. univ_hospital_gov flag (boolean) A 0-1 variable for whether the assignee is a university, a hospital, or a government entity (independent of PatentsView having classified it as a firm) is_us_assignee flag (boolean) A 0-1 variable for whether the assignee is based in the U.S. (independent of PatentsView having classified it as such) initiassignee_crosswalk202206030pv.csv This file provides PatentsView Assignee IDs (as of the March 30, 2022 release) for as many of the original/initial assignees as we could find. Original/initial assignees are from the USPTO Patent Assignment database, which does not contain Assignee IDs. We used the 2022 March 30 release of PatentsView to generate this database. assignee_crosswalk_20220630pv20240331pv.csv PatentsView occasionally changes the Assignee IDs. This file provides a crosswalk between the version we used to build the data -- June 30, 2022 -- and the March 31, 2024.