This final empirically grounded CAF is a key outcome of the MOVING project, refining the initial framework based on research findings, partner reflections, and EC reviewer suggestions. The initial aim was to establish a shared language and common approach among consortium members with diverse backgrounds, which was validated and refined through research and feedback. The MOVING CAF is a living document. Its initial version, based on a review of relevant literature (Moretti et al., 2021b), underwent a first refinement through consortium feedback events. Throughout the project, partners tested and refined the framework with practical examples. The document is structured as follows: Chapter 2 introduces key concepts like “value chains,” “socio-ecological systems,” and “vulnerability and resilience” from the MOVING perspective. Chapter 3 provides the logical framework for understanding mountain value chains’ contribution to sustainability and resilience of socio-ecological systems, including eleven connecting statements and the concept of telecoupling. Chapter 4 identifies implications for empirical analysis, validated through project work, and includes questions guiding the analysis. An annex provides a glossary of relevant concepts for future reference.