Currently, not only probability theory, but also mathematical statistics have found wide application in geodesy. Here, the methods and methods for analyzing the results of observation, their accuracy and homogeneity according to the center of grouping are considered. Various criteria and methods are used for the analysis of observation results, but the simplest methods should be applied in production conditions. The selection of the number of observations is considered to ensure the reliability and necessary accuracy of the numerical characteristics of the distribution of measurement results.