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In this review, a disease such as uterine fibroid is considered. Today, uterine fibroid is considered to be benign, hormone–sensitive proliferates, which is most common among tumours of the genital area in women in many countries around the world. And uterine fibroid becomes, perhaps, the main cause of hysterectomies, including in the reproductive age of women, determining the social significance of the disease. An attempt has been made to consider and explain the clinical and epidemiological significance of uterine myoma and also a number of genetic aspects in some mechanisms of the development of this disease.