The article describes the formation of soils on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea. The formation of soils in this area occurred directly due to the deposition of hard rocks brought by rivers for many years, and after they became dry, the soil groups, as well as salinization, were formed under the influence of groundwater. Also, the processes of desertification and degradation caused by drought of soil and climatic conditions, and intense exposure to solar radiation occur in this process at a strong level. The location of these soils is observed, standing parallel to the seawater reliction. As the water relicted, the area of the salt marshes expanded, and the formation of the landscape also changed in accordance with the desert conditions