Smart transportation technologies have developed with the integration of systems such as information technologies, communication technologies and perception technologies into transportation, which should be considered within the scope of basic needs. Transportation systems, which have been developing for many years, have now become digital, technological, sustainable and efficient. However, in parallel with technological developments, smart transportation systems are developed and updated in all transportation modes. At the latest point in technology, artificial intelligence has begun to be integrated into business processes, daily life and therefore transportation. It is an inevitable fact that the future of transportation will be reimagined with the impact that artificial intelligence, which creates radical changes in all sectors and areas of use, will create in smart transportation systems. In this context, the study investigated how artificial intelligence can be integrated into road, sea, railway and air transportation modes through a comprehensive literature review. With the research, the future of transportation modes was discussed on the axis of artificial intelligence. With the research, a general picture of the academic studies on artificial intelligence in transportation modes was obtained. The study concluded that artificial intelligence will become the center of smart transportation systems in all transportation modes, and that smart transportation systems in smart cities can also be integrated with other smart systems such as crime prevention and emergency services.