A proverb and a saying are units of paremiology (from Greek. the "moral dictum" parody). Despite the sufficient study of paremiology units in linguistics, their description remains relevant, since at the present stage of scientific development there are attempts to consider proverbs and sayings from linguistic and cultural positions as stereotypes of national consciousness. Such a study of the paremia allows you to reflect its substantive aspect more deeply and accurately, trace the sources, reveal the motivation, and consider the issue of background knowledge. The linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbs and sayings is aimed at identifying national and cultural specifics.