
Methods: 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended the ophthalmology outpatient department underwent a detailed ocular examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. The tear function of all the patients was assessed using Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. Results: 38 out of the 100 patients studied had ocular manifestations typical of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common manifestation (81.6%). Of the patients, 70% was females (70 patients). The mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with ocular manifestations was 5.4±2.7 years and without ocular manifestations was 2.1±1.6years. 7.9 percent of the patients had episcleritis (3 patients). Scleritis was present in 2.7% of the patients (onepatients). Peripheral ulcerative keratitis was present in one patient (2.7%). Anterior uveitis was present in two patients (5.3%). Eighty-five percent (85 patients) had bilateral manifestations 15% (15 patients) had unilateral manifestations. Conclusion: Ocular manifestations are a significant part of the extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common ocular manifestation.
Methods: 100 rheumatoid arthritis patients who attended the ophthalmology outpatient department underwent a detailed ocular examination using slit lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. The tear function of all the patients was assessed using Schirmer’s test, tear film break-up time and ocular surface staining. Results: 38 out of the 100 patients studied had ocular manifestations typical of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common manifestation (81.6%). Of the patients, 70% was females (70 patients). The mean duration of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with ocular manifestations was 5.4±2.7 years and without ocular manifestations was 2.1±1.6years. 7.9 percent of the patients had episcleritis (3 patients). Scleritis was present in 2.7% of the patients (onepatients). Peripheral ulcerative keratitis was present in one patient (2.7%). Anterior uveitis was present in two patients (5.3%). Eighty-five percent (85 patients) had bilateral manifestations 15% (15 patients) had unilateral manifestations. Conclusion: Ocular manifestations are a significant part of the extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Dry eye was the most common ocular manifestation.
rheumatoid arthritis, ocular manifestations, dry eye, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis
rheumatoid arthritis, ocular manifestations, dry eye, scleritis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
