AbstractBackground: The differential diagnosis of Pancytopenia varies according to the geographical distribution andstill remains a diagnostic dilemma for the Pathologist and the Paediatrician both. The condition is reversible andeasily treatable if identified early.Aim: To study the clinical and haematological profile of children presenting with pancytopenia and to evaluatethe causes in our setting.Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Paediatrics of atertiary care hospital in North India from January 2022 to June 2023. Total 61 cases of children withpancytopenia were subjected to bone marrow aspiration after routine haematological investigations (likeComplete Blood Count) including peripheral blood smear examination (PBS).Results: The present study comprised of 61 children in the age group of 2 years to 14 years. Megaloblasticanemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia and responsible for 38 cases (62.3%). Acute lymphoblasticleukaemia accounted for about 07 cases (11.5%). Aplastic anemia was responsible for 06 cases (9.8%). Kalaazar, Malaria, Disseminated tuberculosis and Enteric fever accounted for about 6.6%. 4.9%, 3.3% and 1.6%cases respectively.Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is crucial to arrive at a diagnosis of pancytopenia. Even in the absence of afinal diagnosis, BMA can help the clinician in their approach to diagnosis and management of the patient.

AbstractBackground: The differential diagnosis of Pancytopenia varies according to the geographical distribution andstill remains a diagnostic dilemma for the Pathologist and the Paediatrician both. The condition is reversible andeasily treatable if identified early.Aim: To study the clinical and haematological profile of children presenting with pancytopenia and to evaluatethe causes in our setting.Material and Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of Pathology and Paediatrics of atertiary care hospital in North India from January 2022 to June 2023. Total 61 cases of children withpancytopenia were subjected to bone marrow aspiration after routine haematological investigations (likeComplete Blood Count) including peripheral blood smear examination (PBS).Results: The present study comprised of 61 children in the age group of 2 years to 14 years. Megaloblasticanemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia and responsible for 38 cases (62.3%). Acute lymphoblasticleukaemia accounted for about 07 cases (11.5%). Aplastic anemia was responsible for 06 cases (9.8%). Kalaazar, Malaria, Disseminated tuberculosis and Enteric fever accounted for about 6.6%. 4.9%, 3.3% and 1.6%cases respectively.Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration is crucial to arrive at a diagnosis of pancytopenia. Even in the absence of afinal diagnosis, BMA can help the clinician in their approach to diagnosis and management of the patient.