This report presents the results of a study on the intricate relationship between triglyceride levels and diabetes. Specifically, the study focused on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. A representative sample of the unorganized male population aged 40-69 years was examined, totalling 894 individuals. The study, which included a standard oral glucose tolerance test, revealed a positive association between triglyceride levels in the blood and both type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. However, the nature of this relationship is not straightforward. The study showed that triglyceride levels are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a violation of the vagoinsular phase of the glycemic curve, while no such relationship was observed with the sympathoadrenal phase.